U.S. welfare reforms will add one to two million persons to the labor force from 19932005. Because this increase in labor supply is only about one percent of the U.S. labor force, it is unlikely that welfare reform will have sizable effects on overall U.S. wages or unemployment. However, a variety of economic models suggest that welfare reform will significantly reduce the real earnings of some...

This paper investigates how people subdivided in social groups behave in an economy without property rights. Facing a linear production technology groups follow Markovian strategies for consumption and investment. Additionally, they may spend effort in an appropriation contest. For a symmetric society I show that conflict prevents investment and growth. In a society at peace economic growth may...

The turning point of village economic development was started from the birth of the Law No. 6 of 2014 on Village. Villages now become subjects, no longer solely the object of development. The problem in this research is what is the potential of the village economy, how far the role of rural human resources, and what local products can improve the economic development of the village. The researc...

Throughout human history, science and technology have been the backbone of innovations that have driven economic development. Yet, rather oddly, they have not been seriously invoked in the pursuit of diplomacy. This Commentary examines the important role of science in diplomacy and its soft-power in world affairs and peace.

Pritha Mitra In India, the relationship between government investment and private investment is a controversial issue. Economic theory suggests that government investment, financed by borrowing, reduces the loanable funds available for private investment, driving up interest rates, and reducing the level of private investment. If, as Keynesians argue, the positive impact of increased government...

Ghana is to achieve the goal of becoming a middle income country by 2015. Despite its impressive progress in economic growth and poverty reduction, Ghana—like many other African countries—has had rather limited success in increasing smallholder agricultural production by enhancing productivity and competitiveness. Why? Like other countries, Ghana has to meet three challenges in selecting and im...

There are strong conceptual linkages between agricultural development and nutrition improvements which may be categorized into three main pathways: the development, own-production and market pathways. Evidence on the efficacy of these pathways is mixed with some strong, some negative and some weak impacts. These findings reflect both the importance of agriculture for nutrition and the condition...

Entrepreneurship is largely ignored or treated in a highly simplified way in endogenous growth theory. Still, it is now widely recognized that the supply of entrepreneurial talent is likely to be important for economic growth, innovation and job creation. This study consists of an indepth examination of how the supply of productive entrepreneurship is likely to be affected by the kind of tax an...