Abstract Correcting the forecast bias of numerical weather prediction models is important for severe warnings. The refined grid requires direct correction on gridded products, as opposed to correcting data only at individual stations. In this study, a deep learning method called CU-net proposed correct forecasts four variables from European Centre Medium-Range Weather Forecast Integrated Foreca...

The first Chinese operational Ku-band scatterometer on board Haiyang-2A (HY-2A), launched in August 2011, is designed for monitoring the global ocean surface wind. This study estimates the quality of the near-real-time (NRT) retrieval wind speed and wind direction from the HY-2A scatterometer for 36 months from 2012 to 2014. We employed three types of sea-surface wind data from oceanic moored b...

European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts The need to control gravity waves in data assimilation and the general concept of initialization are discussed. The basic method of non-linear normal-mode initialization is introduced, and aspects of its implementation in models are presented, covering the vertical and horizontal modal decomposition, implicit initialization and diabatic initial...

IRD), Paris, France, and Walker Institute, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom; WittenberG—GFDL, Princeton, New Jersey; Fedorov—Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Collins—Met Office, Hadley Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom; WanG—NOAA/AOML, Miami, Florida; Capotondi—University of Colorado, and NOAA, Boulder, Colorado; oldenborGh—KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands; stoCkdale—ECMWF, Reading...

AFFILIATIONS: Guilyardi—LOCEAN/IPSL, Paris, France, and National Centre for Atmospheric Science–Climate, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom; wittEnbErG—NOAA/GFDL, Princeton, New Jersey; balMasEda—ECMWF, Reading, United Kingdom; cai—CSIRO, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia; collins— University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; McPhadEn— NOAA/PMEL, Seattle, Washington; watanabE—Universi...

Until 1991, operational NWP centers used to integrate a single control forecast starting from the analysis, which is the best estimate of the state of the atmosphere at the initial time. In December 1992, both NCEP and ECMWF started running ensembles of forecasts from slightly perturbed initial conditions (Molteni and Palmer, 1993, Buizza, 1997, Toth and Kalnay, 1993, Tracton and Kalnay, 1993, ...

1 Data Assimilation Research Centre, University of Reading, Reading, UK 2 Service Aeronomie, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France 3 ECMWF, Reading, UK 4 CNR-IFAC, Florence, Italy 5 University of Köln, Köln, Germany 6 BIRA-IASB, Brussels, Belgium 7 KNMI, De Bilt, The Netherlands 8 Met Office, Exeter, UK 9 Fusion Numerics, Boulder, Colorado, USA 10 CERFACS, Toulouse, France 11 Météo-Fr...