SUMMARY Scolicidal agents are used by most surgeons during operations for hydatid cysts when these agents are injected into the cys t cavity, they can pass through the communicating passages between the cyst and bile ducts into the large intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts and because of their caustic nature, they have the potential to damage the epithelium of ducts. This epithelial da...

Metformin (Met) is a biguanide anti-hyperglycemic agent, which also exerts antiproliferative effects on cancer cells. This drug inhibits the complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain inducing a fall in the cell energy charge and leading 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. AMPK is a highly conserved heterotrimeric complex that coordinates metabolic and growth pathway...

To demonstrate the possible difficulties in diagnosis of hepatic echinococcosis, that a specialist ultrasound diagnostics and radiologist may encounter everyday practice, russian foreign literature as well our own experience have been reviewed. With high accuracy specificity ultrasonography differential echinococcal cysts, incorrect interpretation is presence mural hemorrhages (or) hemorrhagic ...

Introduction: Surgical operations remain the main and most effective option for treatment of liver echinococcosis. With development mastering method, laparoscopic are being used more widely. New technologies aimed at improving outcomes developed implemented in surgical methods. The purpose study is to present evaluate results operated patients with echinococcosis using new technologies. Materia...