Abstract This paper investigates strategic entrepreneurial choice between the UK Big 3 platforms–Crowdcube, Seedrs and SyndicateRoom–that exemplify three main equity crowdfunding (ECF) shareholder structures identified in literature. ECF has become a for both entrepreneurs angel venture capital funds as it offers mutually beneficial advantages to both, especially under co-investment model where...

During the past decade, equity crowdfunding (ECF) has emerged as an alternative funding channel for startup firms. In Germany, Small Investor Protection Act became binding in July 2015, with legislative goal to protect investors engaging this new asset class. Since then, pledging more than 1,000 EUR now must self-report their income and wealth. Investing 10,000 a single ECF issuer is only possi...

This paper examines whether solo founders are more likely to succeed in an initial equity crowdfunding (ECF) campaign and subsequently less fail than founder teams for a large sample of ECF campaigns conducted on the three largest UK platforms: Crowdcube, Seedrs SyndicateRoom. The results show that have lower probability conducting successful offerings teams, also thereafter. implication enjoy ...

The purpose of this exploratory study has been to provide insight into the success factors ECF campaigns and, in particular, explore role trust. In specific, research questions for are: (1) What dimensions have studied so far, and (2) is there any established literature on sustainability, blockchain technology trust realm ECF. To that end, a systematic review conducted by investigating ISI Web ...

In γ-spectroscopy applications, one of the main effects that needs to be considered is self absorption photons – especially low energy within photon source, which may significantly different between calibration standard and sample analyzed. This effect highly dependent on material composition density thickness. A common way dealing with self-absorption issue by using Efficiency Correction Facto...

Greywater is the most sustainable option to address growing need for fresh water. This study aimed identify optimal operation variables of an electro-coagulation filtration (ECF) system treating domestic greywater, using different conditions (e.g., electrode combinations (Al-Fe-Al-Fe), initial pH (6.8–8.4), operating time (10–60 min), and voltage (6–24 volts)). A statistical data analysis was p...

Generally, the equivalent conicity function (ECF) is denoted by at 3mm (?3mm) and a Nonlinearity Parameter (NP). NP describes nonlinearity of ECF its influence on vehicle design explored thoroughly, however, NP’s role in track maintenance not researched yet. This paper investigates actions dynamics with help vs ?3mm scatter plots database. The database constructed combining measured worn wheel ...

Enterocutaneous fistulas (ECFs) are great challenges during the open abdomen. The loss of digestive juice, water-electrolyte imbalance and malnutrition are intractable issues during management of ECF. Techniques such as "fistula patch" and vacuum-assisted closure therapy have been applied to prevent contamination of open abdominal wounds by intestinal fistula drainage. However, failures are enc...