Tsunami is one of the most severe natural disasters faced by regions around the rim of oceans, usually generated by submarine earthquakes (usually with magnitude larger than 7.0), volcano eruptions and large landslides. Submarine earthquakes are the most common tsunami sources. As we know, the prediction of an earthquake is still not satisfactory with today's technologies, in fact, for most ear...

Since the 1960s, numerous cases of induced seismicity have been associated with reservoir impoundment, mining and the injection of fluids into the subsurface [National Resources Council, 2012]. In recent years, fluid injection activities have intensified as a result of growing shale gas production, enhanced oil recovery, disposal of produced waters in dedicated injection wells, enhanced geother...

15 In order to reproduce slow earthquakes with short duration such as very low 16 frequency events (VLFs) migrating along the trench direction as swarms, we apply a 17 3-D subduction plate boundary model based on the slowness law of rate-and 18 2 state-dependent friction, introducing close-set numerous small asperities 1 (rate-weakening regions) at a depth of 30 km under high pore pressure cond...

[1] Subducted seamounts have been linked to interplate earthquakes, but their specific effects on earthquake mechanism remain controversial. A key question is under what conditions a subducted seamount will generate or stop megathrust earthquakes. Here we show results from numerical experiments in the framework of rateand state-dependent friction law in which a seamount is characterized as a pa...

U the physics of complex phenomena such as earthquakes is a formidable challenge. Because we are constrained by our inability to do experiments on earthquake faults, we turn to computers as our earthquake laboratories. Computer simulations of earthquakes help us to test theoretical models and allow us to generate catalogs of synthetic earthquake events. In this column, we discuss several models...

[1] We present a new crustal seismic velocity model for southern California derived from P and S arrival times from local earthquakes and explosions. To reduce the volume of data and ensure a more uniform source distribution, we compute ‘‘composite event’’ picks for 2597 distributed master events that include pick information for other events within spheres of 2 km radius. The approach reduces ...

Developing countries lacking technology infrastructures experience most disasters such as tsunami, hurricane Katrina, earthquakes. Even though, many lives are saved in developed countries through the use of high-level or sophisticated technology, only the technology that is easy to use, inexpensive, durable and field-tested should be introduced and used during the relief operation. The effect o...

Earthquakes triggered by other remote seismic events are explained as a response to long-traveling seismic waves that temporarily stress the crust. However, delays of hours or days after seismic waves pass through are reported by several studies, which are difficult to reconcile with the transient stresses imparted by seismic waves. We show that these delays are proportional to magnitude and th...

The recent deployment of many seismometers and occurrences of earthquakes in Japan revealed explosive nature of earthquakes. There have been a few reports that earthquakes and eruption of helium gas took place simultaneously, but there has been no hypothesis to co-relate each other. Recently, a new idea that atomic hydrogen can generate energy somewhat between chemical reaction and nuclear reac...

We analyzed the historical seismicity in southern California to develop a rational approach for calculating the seismic hazard from background seismicity of magnitude 6.5 or smaller. The basic assumption for the approach is that future earthquakes will be clustered spatially near locations of historical mainshocks of magnitudes equal to or greater than 4. We analyzed the declustered California ...