Research on threat responses, particularly among trauma-exposed individuals, has traditionally focused on increased autonomic arousal and reactivity. However, clinical features associated with trauma exposure, such as dissociation (e.g., shutting down or "spacing out") manifest as the opposite pattern: non-reactivity and blunted arousal. These clinical features suggest that the possibility of t...

BACKGROUND According to the hygiene hypothesis, infections in early life protect from allergic diseases. However, in earlier studies surrogate measures of infection rather than clinical infections were associated with decreased frequencies of atopic diseases. Exposure to infection indicating sub-clinical infection rather than clinical infection might protect from atopic diseases. OBJECTIVE to...

Photoaging refers to the effects of long-term ultraviolet (UV) exposure and sun damage superimposed on intrinsically aged skin. The clinical signs associated with photoaging include dyspigmentation, laxity, a yellow hue, wrinkles, telangiectasia, a leathery appearance, and cutaneous malignancy. These changes often occur gradually as a person ages but can develop earlier if extensive UV exposure...

42 JANUARY 2005 My first exposure to teaching students came early in my career while I was working as a critical-care nurse. As a preceptor on a clinical unit, I provided students with their first exposure to nursing theory and science applications in real health care settings. Students looked to me as a teacher and mentor to guide them as they took their initial steps toward becoming confident...

to clarify fermentative alterations in the large intestine (hindgut) during grazing, fecal alcohol and volatile fatty acids (vfas) concentrations were evaluated in 30 dairy heifers. the heifers were kept in pasture growing mixed grass herbage from spring (mid may) until october, and their rectal feces were collected periodically. concentrations of ethanol, methanol and isopropanol were increase...

Nested case-control (NCC) design is a popular sampling method in large epidemiological studies for its cost effectiveness to investigate the temporal relationship of diseases with environmental exposures or biological precursors. Thomas' maximum partial likelihood estimator is commonly used to estimate the regression parameters in Cox's model for NCC data. In this article, we consider a situati...

OBJECTIVE To analyse trends of avoidable mortality in Europe, emphasising causes of death amenable to primary prevention through reduction of exposures, secondary prevention through early detection and treatment, and tertiary prevention through improved treatment and medical care. DESIGN Descriptive study of mortality from avoidable causes for the years 1955 through 1994, for ages 5-64 at tim...