CONSTANS (CO) has a central role in the photoperiod response mechanism in Arabidopsis. However, the functions of legume CO genes in controlling flowering remain unknown. Here, we analyze the expression patterns of E1, E2 and GmCOL1a/1b using near-isogenic lines (NILs), and we further analyze flowering-related genes in gmcol1b mutants and GmCOL1a-overexpressing plants. Our data showed that both ...

A large number of researches focused on glycoproteins E1 and E2 of hepatitis C virus (HCV) aimed at the development of anti-HCV vaccines and inhibitors. Enhancement of E1/E2 expression and secretion is critical for the characterization of these glycoproteins and thus for subunit vaccine development. In this study, we designed and synthesized three signal peptide sequences based on online progra...

The E1 envelope protein of the alphavirus Semliki Forest virus (SFV) is a class II fusion protein that mediates low pH-triggered membrane fusion during virus infection. Like other class I and class II fusion proteins, during fusion E1 inserts into the target membrane and rearranges to form a trimeric hairpin structure. The postfusion structures of the alphavirus and flavivirus fusion proteins s...

A series of experiments was conducted to determine the effects of a fibrolytic enzyme preparation (enzyme 1; E1) on the in vitro fermentation of lucerne incubated with equine faecal inocula. In experiment 1, high-temperature-dried (HT) lucerne was treated with five levels of E1 (0 to 2.4 ml/g DM) and incubated at 50 degrees C for 20 h. Samples then received a simulated foregut digestion (SFD) t...

Abrupt weaning, a usual management in sheep productive systems, may provoke behavioural and physiological responses indicative of stress in ewes and lambs. Progesterone (P4) has anxiolytic and sedative effects through the union of its metabolites that contain 3α-hydroxyl group to the γ-aminobutyricacidA receptor. Our first aim was to determine whether P4 administration reduces the behavioural a...

We perform shell model calculations in odd-odd nuclei using a quadrupolequadrupole interaction with single-particle splittings chosen so as to obtain the SU(3) results. Elliott had shown that such an interaction gives rotational bands for which the energies go as I(I + 1). This certainly is true for eveneven and for odd-even or even-odd nuclei with K 6= 1/2. We have looked at odd-odd nuclei e.g...

Let κ be an inaccessible cardinal, and let E0 = {x ∈ Pκκ : cf λx = cf κx} and E1 = {x ∈ Pκκ : κx is regular and λx = κx }. It is consistent that the set E1 is stationary and that every stationary subset of E0 reflects at almost every a ∈ E1.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), a neuropeptide released from a small population of neurons in the hypothalamus, is the central mediator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, and is required for normal reproductive development and function. Evolutionarily conserved regulatory elements in the mouse, rat, and human Gnrh1 gene include three enhancers and the proximal promoter, which co...

CEE (conjugated equine estrogens) is the most widely prescribed estrogen-only menopausal hormone therapy in the United States, and is comprised of over 50% estrone (E1) sulfate. Following CEE administration, E1 is the principal circulating estrogen. However, the cognitive and neurobiological effects of E1 in a middle-aged rodent model have not yet been evaluated. We assessed cognitive effects o...