The [PSI(+)] prion causes widespread readthrough translation and is rare in natural populations of Saccharomyces, despite the fact that sex is expected to cause it to spread. Using the recently estimated rate of Saccharomyces outcrossing, we calculate the strength of selection necessary to maintain [PSI(+)] at levels low enough to be compatible with data. Using the best available parameter esti...

On the basis of the technical definition of selection developed by George Price (1995), we describe two forms of selection that commonly occur at the social level, subset selection and generative selection. Both forms of selection are abstract and general, and therefore also incomplete; both leave aside the question of explaining the selection criterion and why entities possess stable traits. H...

This paper analyzes the e¤ect of dental insurance on utilization of general dentist services by adult US population aged from 25 to 64 years using the ordered probit model with endogenous selection (OPES). Our econometric framework accommdates endogeneity of insurance and the ordered nature of the measure of dental utilization. The study …nds strong evidence of endogeneity of dental insurance t...

The relationship between reproductive success (number of biological children) and personality was explored in 1101 postmenopausal females from the Australian twin registry. The quadratic response surface relating fitness to extraversion (E) and neuroticism (N) showed a saddle point at intermediate levels of E and N. Selection was shown to be stabilizing, i.e., having an intermediate optimum, al...

D e f i n i t i o n 6. Let T = (S, R, L, Act, so) be an LTS. A function h : S -4 S is a selection function if and only if there exists a bisimulation relation B C S • S between T and T such that; For all s e S , 8 h(8) s B s' implies that h(s) = h(s') We say that h preserves the bisimulation relation B. Intuitively, the function h picks a representative from each equivalence class of S induced ...

CRISPR-Cas provides a barrier to horizontal gene transfer in prokaryotes. It was previously observed that functional CRISPR-Cas systems are absent from multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterococcus faecalis, which only possess an orphan CRISPR locus, termed CRISPR2, lacking cas genes. Here, we investigate how the interplay between CRISPR-Cas genome defense and antibiotic selection for mobile genetic e...

Author Dimpal Jain | Rakesh Garg | Ashu Bansal | K. K. Saini Journal Journal of Computers in Education May 2016 Abstract The propagation of the web applications as E-learning websites has produced new opportunities as well as new challenges for academic organizations and individuals who are either delivering or receiving an education. The E-learning websites has become more and more popular fro...

Let (X, z) be a topological space, and (Y, d) a metric space. A mapping F: X -+ 2’ which associates with every x E X a non-empty subset F(x) OF Y is said to be lower semi-continuous (I.s.c.) (respectively, upper semi-continuous (u.s.c.)) if, for each open set % in Y, the set (X E X: F(x) n %f # @ > (respectively, the set (X E X: F(x) c @ )) is open in X A mapping f: X-a Y is a selection for F i...

In this paper we address the problem of devising a set of indexes for a nested object hierarchy in an object-oriented database to improve the overall system performance. It is noted that the e ects of two indexes could be entangled in that the inclusion of one index might a ect the bene t achievable by the other index. Such a phenomenon is termed index interaction. Clearly, the e ect of index i...