Glaciers and snow in the Caucasus are major sources of runoff for populated places many parts this mountain region. These glaciers have shown a continuous area decrease; however, magnitude mass balance changes at regional scale need to be further investigated. Here, we analyzed surface elevation (or thickness) geodetic 1861 (1186.1 ± 53.3 km2) between 2000 2019 from recently published dataset o...

this paper develops an analysis of budget deficit financing in termsof a crowding out or crowding in effect on the activity of the privatesector for the economies of iran and algeria as two mena countries,(because of its economic structures (dependence on oil revenue)) duringthe period 1970-2012 by using cointegration and vector errorcorrection approaches. the analysis confirms the existence of...

during the past 500 years, iran and russia have experienced many ups and downs in their relations which have been accompanied with enmity and amity. these relations varied from cooperation under the safavids to enmity, war and interventions under the qajar dynasty, then to hostile and sometimes friendly relations under the pahlavi rule, and finally to collaborations within the past two decades ...