Acute renal failure (ARF) is often the consequence of an ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and associated with high mortality. Warm ischemia (WI) is a crucial factor of tissue damage, and tissue destruction led by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) can impact the early and long-term functional outcome. Trimetazidine (TMZ) is an anti-ischemic drug. Previously, we already verified its protective effect o...

Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are organized in various patterns in blood vessels. Whereas straight blood vessels mainly contain circumferentially aligned SMCs, curved blood vessels are composed of axially aligned SMCs in regions with vortex blood flow. The vortex flow-dependent feature of SMC alignment suggests a role for nonuniform fluid shear stress in regulating the pattern formation of SMCs. H...

OBJECTIVES Cytosolic calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) mediates ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, but magnitude and time course of I/R-induced [Ca(2+)](i) overload remain unclear. Fluorescent indicators are commonly used to measure [Ca(2+)](i), and have a dissociation constant (K(d)) that depends on pH and temperature. We hypothesized that changes of K(d) during I/R lead to misleading interpretations of [...