Several studies have investigated the orthonasal detection threshold for carbon dioxide (CO(2)) in humans. The aim of current study was to investigate whether 24 healthy young subjects exhibited differences of CO(2) detection thresholds during orthonasal or retronasal stimulation. As nasal mucosa is believed to desensitize to CO(2) concentrations at or below 4% (v/v) during expiration, the seco...

Genotoxic effects of xenobiotics are a possible step in tumor initiation in the mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract. Using the comet assay, detecting genotoxicity in human tissue has been restricted to single incubations in vitro, but in vivo most xenobiotics harm their target in a repetitive or chronic manner. Therefore, we propose a model, which provides repetitive incubations in human up...

Iontophoresis is a strategy to increase the penetration of drugs through biological membranes; however, its use has been underexplored in mucosa. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of iontophoresis in the mucosal penetration of prilocaine hydrochloride (PCL) and lidocaine hydrochloride (LCL), which are largely used in dentistry as local anesthetics, when combined in the same ...

PURPOSE We examined how chewing rate and the extent of reactive hyperemia affect the blood flow in denture-supporting mucosa during chewing. METHODS The left palatal mucosa was loaded under conditions of simulated chewing or simulated clenching for 30s, and the blood flow during loading was recorded. We compared the relative blood flow during loading under conditions that recreated different ...

Introduction: A strong relationship exists between cigarette smoking and the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Smoking can significantly increase cellular proliferation. Nevertheless, there is little reference in literature to the cytological assessment of oral mucosa in this respect. Methods: Changes in nuclear and neucleolar cytomorphometric parameters such as diameter, surface, nu...

The design of grating-based instruments to handle and condition coherent ultrafast pulses in the extreme-ultraviolet is discussed. The main application of such instruments is the monochromatization of high-order laser harmonics and free-electron-laser pulses in the femtosecond time scale. Broad-band monochromators require the use of diffraction gratings at grazing incidence. A grating can be us...

Introduction: Reconstruction of the oral cavity witha flap design containing the buccal mucosa and buccinator muscle but excluding the facial artery and vein is the topic of these case reports. Case Reports: This article uses random pattern vertically oriented partial thickness buccinator myomucosal flap for intraoral reconstruction in two cases. The first was for lining the mandibular anterior...

helicobacter pylori ( h. pylori ) infection is currently recognized as the major cause of chronic active gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (malt) lymphoma and carcinoma of the stomach. eradication of the infection will prevent the recurrence of the majority of such diseases. different combined treatments have been tried in iran for eradication of h. pylori , ...

background: many oral squamous cell carcinomas (osccs) arise within regions that previously had premalignant lesion. early diagnosis and prompt treatment of premalignant lesions offers the best hope of improving the prognosis in patients with oscc. exfoliative cytology is a simple and non-invasive diagnostic technique that could be used for early detection of oral premalignant and malignant les...