A very long neck that is apparently suitable for feeding at great heights is a characteristic feature of most sauropod dinosaurs. Yet, it remains controversial whether any sauropods actually raised their necks high. Recently, strong physiological arguments have been put forward against the idea of high-browsing sauropods, because of the very high blood pressure that appears to be inevitable whe...

PURPOSE This study was designed to investigate changes in endurance, functional gait, and balance after intensive body weight-supported treadmill training in children with CP who were ambulatory. METHODS Six school-aged children with CP (four boys, two girls; age range: six to 14 years) participated in an intensive program of body weight-supported treadmill training 30 minutes twice daily for...

An intra-urban hierarchy of activity centers interconnected by non-motorized and public transportation is broadly believed to be the ideal urban spatial structure for sustainable cities. However, the proper hinterland area for centers at each level lacks empirical study. Based on the concentric structure of everyday travel distances, working centers, shopping centers, and neighborhood centers a...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility of coronary artery calcium scoring based on three virtual noncontrast-enhanced (VNC) images derived from single-source spectral dual-energy CT (DECT) as compared with true noncontrast-enhanced (TNC) images. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study was conducted with the approval of our Institutional Review Board. Ninety-seven patients underwent noncon...

An accurate, rapid, and convenient method is presented for moisture content (MC) 10 determination of solid wood based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Poly(methyl methacrylate)-equivalent thicknesses (PMMA-EThs) of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) wood blocks and pure water were measured by means of a wide range of X-ray tube voltages (20–100 kV). The ratio of the PMMA-ETh of pure w...

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is recognized as the reference method to measure bone mineral density (BMD) with acceptable accuracy errors and good precision and reproducibility. The World Health Organization (WHO) has established DXA as the best densitometric technique for assessing BMD in postmenopausal women and based the definitions of osteopenia and osteoporosis on its results. DXA...

Introduction Osteoporotic bone fractures lead to weighty losses of independence and quality of life, and to increased mortality in women [1]. Minimally irradiating image techniques such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) provide assessment of bone loss through the bone mineral density (BMD). Yet, fracture risk predictions remain limited with 30 to 40% of error [2]. Recently, the 3D-DXA a...

Results Analysis of four day food records following each testing session revealed average values of 1588 ± 116.7 kcal/day, 43.6 ± 7.3% protein, 35 ± 5.4% carbohydrates, 17.8 ± 7.98% fat throughout the testing period. Additionally, the participant lost 6.09 kg (13.4lb) and 2.5 BMI units. Furthermore both HHBIA (.935; p = .006) and JP7 (.954; p = 0.003) were significantly and positively correlate...

characterized by low bone mass, bone deterioration, and decreased bone strength resulting in bone fragility and increased fracture risk.1 Osteoporosis increasingly is being recognized as an important cause of morbidity and mortality in older men. Approximately 2 million men in the United States have osteoporosis,2 and 1.5 million of these men are over the age of 65 years.3 The risk of osteoporo...

I. S. Masad, Y-M. Park, S-R. Lee, J. M. Wilson, P. C. Henning, B. H. Arjmandi, S. C. Grant, and J-S. Kim Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States, National High Magnetic field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, United States, Department of Nutrition, Food & Exercise Sciences, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States