-In many digital Very Large Scale Integration design, clock system is one of the most power consumption component. It consumes 30% to 60% of the total system power. As we are in need to reduce the power consumption on portable digital circuit because power budget is severely limited on portable digital circuit. To achieve this requirement, a clock system employing two techniques such as Dual Ed...

In this paper, a new differential delay cell is proposed and 16-bit Digital Controlled Oscillator (DCO) based on proposed delay cell is designed. The 16-bit DCO consist of 4-stages differential delay cell in ring structure and a digital control scheme has been used to improved noise characteristics. The structure of the DCO utilizes dual delay path techniques to achieve high oscillation frequen...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of co-stabilizer muscle activation on knee joint position sense. [Subjects and Methods] This study was a pre-post, single-blinded randomly controlled trial (angle sequence randomly selected) design. Seven healthy adults with no orthopaedic or neurological problems participated in this study. Knee joint position sense was measured...

OBJECTIVES To examine the correction of posture, increase in strength and decrease in shoulder pain and dysfunction in varsity swimmers. DESIGN AND SETTING Randomised clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-eight National Collegiate Athletic Association division I varsity swimmers. MEASUREMENTS Two testing sessions were conducted before and after an 8-week time period. Posture, strength and s...

Mountain territories affected by natural hazards are vulnerable areas for settlements and inhabitants. Additionally, those characterized socio-economic marginality, further favoring their abandonment. The study area is located in Liguria (Italy), a large, slow-moving phenomenon endangers the region. Monitoring such phenomena requires use of instruments capable detecting yearly, millimetric disp...

Background Although high-quality biomechanical evaluations, such as a three-dimensional motion analysis and electromyography, have been performed to verify the relationship between forward head posture (FHP) shoulder dysfunction, most of studies mainly focused on neck muscle activity or pain. Purpose To investigate effects artificial FHP internal external rotator strength range (ROM) glenohumer...

BACKGROUND Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal issues facing military helicopter pilots. It is clinically important to identify differences in musculoskeletal characteristics between pilots with and without a LBP history for formulating effective interventions. OBJECTIVE To compare lumbar spine and hip flexibility and trunk strength in pilots with and without a LBP h...

This study quantitatively assesses the association between age and cervical joint position error (JPE) and compares JPE between young and older asymptomatic subjects. Subjects (n = 230) ranging in age from 17 to 70 years volunteered to participate in the study. Cervical JPE was measured for all subjects with the active movement angle reproduction test in degrees using a digital inclinometer; te...

A high-speed low power scalable programmable dual modulus digital CMOS frequency divider architecture is proposed. The unique frequency divider architecture includes a high speed parallel counter with State Excitation Module, a switchover trigger circuit, a modulus switchover circuit and a reloader circuit. The mode switchover circuit has two sets of external programmable inputs for two alterna...