Aim of the present study was to characterize the process of atomization and drying of layer-by-layer emulsions containing lecithin (single layer emulsion) and lecithin/chitosan (multilayer emulsion) and the oxidative stability of the spray-dried emulsions during storage. For this purpose, the analysis of the emulsion spray droplet size during atomization by two different atomization devices, i....

In this work we evaluated the variability in fiber content and physical and chemical parameters of byproducts from orange juice extraction. Five different treatments and two drying methods were evaluated. The results indicate that drying by lyophilization was better than that drying in an oven. The pH ranged from approximately 3.47 to 3.96. The variation in moisture values was 9.22% ± 0.02 to 1...

Wet starch cracks when it dries inhomogeneously, while hot glass cracks when it cools non-uniformly. In both cases, differential shrinkage induced by drying/cooling from the surface causes superficial cracks to grow perpendicular to the surface in different patterns. In contrast with these observations of bulk cracking in brittle materials, when a soft and homogeneously swollen polymer gel drie...

A constitutive model is derived from theory of elasticity for predicting ultimate drying shrinkage of concrete. The model was extended by incorporating the semiempirical composite model proposed by Hirsch and Dougill for predicting Young's modulus of concrete. Their composite model is the geometric mean of Paul's upper and lower limit boundaries of a twophase composite. According to the shrinka...

The modelling and simulation of drying porous coal particles in superheated steam was investigated in this paper. Improved transport and kinetic parameters as well as particle shrinkage were considered in arriving at the results. The resulting partial differential equation describing the drying process was solved numerically using the finite element analysis in addition to other useful equation...

In this study rhubarb stem slices were dried as single layers with thickness of 3 mm in the inlet air temperature range of 50-70  and air velocity of 1 ± 0.2 m/s in a laboratory scale cabinet dryer. The effect of drying air temperature on the drying characteristics was determined and the relationship between the drying parameters with temperature and moisture content was examined. Moisture tran...

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Bryophytes include clades that incorporate constitutive desiccation tolerance, especially terrestrial species. Here we test the hypothesis that the opposing ecological strategy of desiccation tolerance, inducibility, is present in a desert moss, and address this hypothesis by varying rates of drying in a laboratory study. Desiccation tolerance is arguably the most important...

Polymers suspended in granular packings have a significant impact on water retention, which is important for soil irrigation and the curing of building materials. Whereas the drying rate remains constant during a long period for pure water due to capillary flow providing liquid water to the evaporating surface, we show that it is not the case for a suspension made of soft polymeric particles ca...

The work is based on the drying of PVDF-HFP gels with a procedure assisted by supercritical CO2 to obtain nano-sized porous membranes at high quality/low cost ratio. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) as homopolymer or copolymer with hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) is a very interesting material largely used in catalytic membrane reactors, chemical and biomedical applications and various filtratio...

Bee pollen is becoming an important product thanks to its nutritional properties, including a high content of bioactive compounds such as essential amino acids, antioxidants, and vitamins. Fresh bee pollen has a high water content (15%-30% wt %), thus it is a good substrate for microorganisms. Traditional conservation methods include drying in a hot air chamber and/or freezing. These techniques...