We analyse scalar flavour-changing neutral currents of down-type quarks in models with two Higgs doublets, coupled separately to upand down-type quarks, in the limit where the ratio of the two expectation values (tanβ = vu/vd) is large. We clarify the origin of this phenomenon, both in ∆F = 1 and ∆F = 2 processes, analysing differences and analogies between supersymmetric and non-supersymmetric...

The microenvironment within tumors is composed of a heterogeneous mixture of cells with varying levels of nutrients and oxygen. Differences in oxygen content result in survival or compensatory mechanisms within tumors that may favor a more malignant or lethal phenotype. Cells that are rapidly proliferating are richly nourished and preferentially located close to blood vessels. Chemotherapy can ...

Results are proved indicating that the Veronese map vd often increases independence of both sets of points and sets of subspaces. For example, any d + 1 Veronesean points of degree d are independent. Similarly, the dth power map on the space of linear forms of a polynomial algebra also often increases independence of both sets of points and sets of subspaces. These ideas produce d+ 1-independen...

The pharmacokinetics of a new selective oestrogen receptor modulator levormeloxifene was investigated in mice, rats, cynomolgus monkeys and humans by compartmental pharmacokinetics. Levormeloxifene was administered as an oral solution in all studies. Allometric scaling was used to predict human pharmacokinetic parameters and the performance of the approach was evaluated. Mean values of clearanc...

Comparative allometric analysis of selected pharmacokinetic parameters of cloxacillin, dicloxacillin and flucloxacillin in four animal species (cats, dogs, pigs and sheep) was performed. The correlations between the total body clearance (CLB) and the volume of distribution (Vdarea) to the body weight of animals were established. They can be expressed by the equations: cloxacillin − CLB =5.68W ,...

BACKGROUND The recommended parameter of dialysis dose differs between K-DOQI and the European Best Practice Guidelines. It is not well known to what extent an agreement exists between the different parameters, nor if target and delivered dialysis dose are prescribed according to the urea reduction rate (URR), single-pool Kt/V (spKt/V) or equilibrated double-pool Kt/V (eKt/V) and which parameter...

This review presents the clinical pharmacokinetics of the marketed therapeutic monoclonal antibodies used in oncology. Aspects regarding absorption, tissue distribution, elimination as well as factors influencing pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and kinetic interactions are also discussed.

Volatility of a stock may incur a risk premium, leading to a positive correlation between volatility and returns. On the other hand the leverage effect, whereby negative returns increase volatility, acts in the opposite direction. We propose a reformulation and extension of the ARCH in Mean model, in which the logarithm of scale is driven by the score of the conditional distribution. This EGARC...

BACKGROUND The mode of drug administration, blood sampling schedule, and sampling site affect the pharmacokinetic model derived. The present study tested the hypothesis that three-compartment pharmacokinetic model parameters derived from arterial drug concentrations obtained after rapid intravenous administration can be used to design a target-controlled drug infusion (TCI) that deviates minima...

highly radioactive byproducts. Commercially, uranium is used in an enriched form (higher percentage of the fissile isotope U) and a depleted form (low percentage of U). Enriched uranium is used in nuclear reactors, while depleted uranium is used for military applications in munitions and armor. Uranium has low gastrointestinal absorption; absorbed uranium takes the form of uranyl ion for circul...