in most legal systems of the world, the rule of multi-title offences is an accepted one whereby the punishment is the most serious when an act can come under a number of offence titles. however, it is subtly related to some other legal concepts such as specificity, contradiction, inclusion, appropriation and forcive judges. in most of time, distinguish between them is confused which can have se...

INTRODUCTION Tennis is a professional sport under a strict anti-doping control. However, since the first violation of the code, the positive cases have not been statistically studied. The objective of this study was to analyze doping offences in the international professional tennis circuit. METHODS All offences to the Doping Code committed by tennis players during 2003-2009 were collected fr...

"Ice", "crystal meth", is the smokable form of methamphetamine hydrochloride. This paper will comment on the pharmacological, epidemiological, clinical and social issues related to smoking the drug as opposed to either its injection or ingestion. Furthermore, some data related to amphetamines/methamphetamines consumption, request for treatment, seizures, related offences and deaths in the UK (1...

The psychoactive agent N-methyl-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-butanamine (MBDB) was identified in urine samples from ten people suspected of petty drug offences. MBDB is a selective serotonin-releasing agent and the alpha-ethyl homologue of 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). The presence of MBDB was confirmed by comparing the mass spectra of the urine samples with the mass spectrum of ...

The decision of the New South Wales (‘NSW’) Court of Appeal in CB v Director of Public Prosecutions (NSW) has brought the mental element for ‘arson-type’ offences into sharp focus. These are offences involving damage to, or destruction of, various types of property or injury to, or the death of, persons from intentional or reckless acts of fire-setting. They may be structural fires or bushfires...