The evolution of the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue, commonly known as “the Quad”, from a senior-level security dialogue involving U.S., Japan, India, and Australia, to leader-level summit since 2017, speaks volumes about rapidly changing strategic landscape in Indo-Pacific. From very beginning, there have been three driving forces behind rebirth, development, improvement Quad: balancing China...

We analyze the driving factors of CO2 emissions and energy intensity in Colombia during 1971–2017 1975–2016, respectively. apply a factorial additive decomposition for emissions, starting from Kaya identity, using logarithmic mean Divisia index method. The increase is mainly explained by affluence population effects, but partially offset effect and, to lesser extent, carbonization effect. then ...