The Navier-Stokes transport coefficients of a driven fluidized granular gas are obtained from the Chapman-Enskog solution to the Boltzmann equation. The gas is heated by the action of an external driving force which does work to compensate for the collisional loss of energy. Two types of external driving are considered: (a) a deterministic force proportional to the particle velocity (Gaussian t...

We present numerical results of the effect that the driving force has on the clogging probability of inert particles passing through a bottleneck. When the driving force is increased by four orders of magnitude, the mean avalanche size remains almost unaltered (increases 1.6 times) while the flow rate and the avalanche duration display strong dependence on this magnitude. This indicates that in...

A sharp interface model of crack propagation as a phase transition process is discussed. We develop a multipole expansion technique to solve this free boundary problem numerically. We obtain steady state solutions with a self-consistently selected propagation velocity and shape of the crack, provided that elastodynamic effects are taken into account. Also, we find a saturation of the steady sta...

Basic concepts of crystal growth and their practical use to semi-quantitatively estimate growth processes are explained: surface energy and free energy, driving force of crystallization, atomically rough vs smooth interface structure and the corresponding normal vs layer-by-layer growth modes, application of the activated complex concept to derive kinetic coefficient characterizing crystal grow...

The stochastic driving force exerted by a single molecular motor (e. g., a kinesin, or myosin) moving on a periodic molecular track (microtubule, actin filament, etc.) is discussed from a general viewpoint open to experimental test. An elementary "barometric" relation for the driving force is introduced that (i) applies to a range of kinetic and stochastic models, (ii) is consistent with more e...

We study the pinning-depinning phase transition of interfaces in the quenched Kardar-Parisi-Zhang model as the external driving force F goes towards zero. For a fixed value of the driving force, we induce depinning by increasing the nonlinear term coefficient lambda, which is related to lateral growth, up to a critical threshold. We focus on the case in which there is no external force applied ...

This paper describes a strategy for the measurement of boundary mobility using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and its application to the migration of nominally flat h001i tilt grain boundaries in nickel, as described using an EAM potential. Determination of the driving force for boundary migration requires proper accounting for non-linear elastic effects for strains of the magnitude needed...

Using in situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, we have explored migration mechanism of a grain boundary in a GaN bicrystal as a model system. During annealing at 500 °C, the grain-boundary region underwent a decrease in thickness, which occurred by decomposition or sublimation of GaN during annealing at 500 °C coupled with electron-beam sputtering. The decrease in thickness cor...

the wild pistachio (pistacia atlantica mutika) exists in 2.4 million hectares of iranian forest. in spite of high nutritional and medical value of this fruit, its use and processing are still performed manually. the objectives of this research are to design, to construct and to evaluate the performance of a pistachio hulling machine. the pistachio of kerman province was chosen as the case of st...