Threaded and smooth pins are often used in orthopedic surgery. Although uncommon, injury to the soft tissues can and do occur, including nerve or vessel injury from aberrant pin placement. The purpose of this study was to compare the risk of nerve injury from threaded pins versus smooth guide pins due to: (1) past-point-drilling of the pin, or (2) entanglement of the pin with soft tissue. Past-...

Abstract Horizontal wells play an often overlooked role in hydrogeology and aquifer remediation but can be interesting option for many applications. This study reviews the constructional hydraulic aspects that distinguish them from vertical wells. Flow patterns towards are much more complicated than those wells, which makes their mathematical treatment demanding. However, at some distance, draw...

Assessing the significance of current glacier loss on Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, demands a wellconstrained temporal perspective. That context is provided by direct measurements, ancillary observations of the ice fields and the analyses of the ice cores collected from them. Ice retreat mechanisms observed there today are consistent with the preservation of the oldest ice, 11.7 ka, in the central dee...

An optical system based on the confocal principle has been developed for real-time precision measurements of the depth of micro-holes during the laser drilling process. The capability of the measuring system is theoretically predicted by the Gaussian lens formula and experimentally validated to achieve a sensitivity of 0.5 μm. A nanosecond laser system was used to drill holes, and the hole dept...

INTRODUCTION Early-stage pullout is a common problem for surgeons during the fixation of osteoporotic bones. Poor bone quality limits the use of pedicle screws for patients with osteoporosis. In this study, the researchers investigated the effects of hole and gap position and type on the pullout strength of cannulated screws. METHODS Seven different designs were tested, including a control gr...

This paper presents new results on a quali-quantitative analysis of the heterocysts Rivularia type as key bioindicator informative local eutrophic conditions. The is usually reported in palynological analyses due to thick, multilayered envelope that ensures preservation sediments. Samples come from two continuous terrestrial cores (N-S3: 77 samples, C-S1: 20 samples) drilled area surrounding Br...

The research area located in south-eastern Poland is exposed to alkaline pressure from a cement plant Nowiny, which has been operating there since 1960. Both biotic and abiotic components of the natural environment remain zone plant’s negative impact. Their reaction, described according concept geo- bioindicators, provides valuable information on state this area. In 2016–2018, properties precip...