Recent research suggests future alterations in rainfall patterns due to climate variability, affecting public safety and health in urban areas. Urban growth, one of the main drivers of change in the current century, will also affect these conditions. Traditional drainage approaches using grey infrastructure offer low adaptation to an uncertain future. New methodologies of stormwater management ...

The runoff coefficient was the primary parameter used in both site-scale and area-wide calibration efforts. This coefficient is directly related to the type of land use and land cover observed within the drainage area. The land use was represented in the model as pervious and impervious surfaces assigned to subcatchment areas within the system. In the 2007 InfoWorks (IW) Model, the runoff coeff...

The findings of a series of studies investigating the clogging of leachate collection and drainage systems for municipal landfill sites are described. Batch tests, column studies, and field-scale “mesocosm” test cells were used to study the development of a thick microbial biofilm covering the surfaces and filling the pore space of the granular drainage media. Within this biofilm, anaerobic mic...

In the history of mankind, development systems escape goes back to distant past. ancient times, in countries Rome, Greece, Egypt, and later European regions, large-scale use collector-drainage was established. The article presents hydrodynamic processes occurring open drainages. problems that arise design construction drainages are highlighted. non-wash rate table given building codes regulatio...

OBJECTIVE Programmable shunt valve systems have improved the management of patients with hydrocephalus. However, associated problems such as over-drainage and slit-like ventricles, even in patients with anti-siphon devices installed, still remain unresolved. METHODS We conceived a novel tandem shunt valve system to overcome the problems with existing shunt valve systems. Experiments were perf...