immune genes of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) are among the most polymorphic genes in the vertebrate genome. due to their polymorphic nature, they are often used to assess the adaptive genetic variability of natural populations. this study describes the first molecular characterization of 13 partial mhc class iib sequences from three european ranid frogs.  the utility of previously...

regulation of normal cell growth and turnover is balanced between cell pro¬liferation, cell differentiation and apoptosis. a disruption of this balance is thought to be an important event leading to carcinogenesis .one of the effector molecules in apoptosis is fas antigen . cross-linking of fas by its ligand (fas l) or agonistic anti fas antibodies induces apoptosis of cells expressing fas on t...

in the last decades researchers had focused on developing a vaccine against tick based on protective antigen. recombinant vaccines based on concealed antigen from boophilus microplus have been developed in australia and cuba by the name of tickgard and gavac (de la fuente and kocan, 2006). further studies on this antigen have shown some extent of protection against other species (de vos et al.,...

Abstract Self antigen-specific T cells are prevalent in the mature adaptive immune repertoire. At steady state, these regulated by various mechanisms of peripheral tolerance. Characterizing activation self during inflammation may shed crucial insights into pathogenesis autoimmunity. Utilizing an experimental animal model where mice express three cell epitopes (2W, gp66, and OVA) a tissue restri...

cystic hydatid disease (hydatidosis) is the most serious tape-worm infection prevalent in the cattle and sheep raising area of the world. hydatidosis in man (as an accidental host) caused by infection with the ova containing larval stage of echinococcus spp. in the last decade different techniques have been employed for the serological diagnosis of hydatid disease, such as iha, ifa, elisa, ccle...

background: the study aimed to examine the association between human leukocyte antigen (hla) class ii allele frequencies and breast cancer in iranian women. methods: a total of 100 patients with pathologically proven breast cancer who referred to cancer institute were randomly selected and compared with a group of age matched healthy blood donors (n = 80). hla class ii alleles were determined b...

background: antigen b (agb) is frequently used for immuno-diagnosis of hu-man cystic echinococcosis (ce). echinococcus granulosus agbs show a high degree of genetic variability in different hosts or in different ce endemic areas. the present study aimed to evaluate the genetic polymorphisms of encoding antigen b2 gene (agb2) among different iranian isolates of e. granulosus. methods: a total of...

background :highserum level of cancer antigen 15.3 (ca15.3) has been reported in some malignant and nonmalignant conditions including thalassemia major which could have been resulted from ineffective erythropoiesis. we aimed to evaluate the serum level of ca15.3 in carriers of beta-thalassemia by comparing them with cancer patients and healthy individuals.   methods : this cross-sectional study...

background:non-melanoma skin cancer (nmsc), the most prevalent types being squamous cell carcinoma (scc) and basal cell carcinoma (bcc), is the most common type of malignancy in human beings. these neoplasms are more frequent in the elderly and fair skinned people and mainly occur on sun-exposed sites of the body. ultraviolet b (uvb) has a well-known effect in induction and promotion of growth ...

background: klebseilla pneumoniae causes urinary tract infections, nosocomial pneumonia and intra-abdominal infections. capsular antigens are considered to be the ultimate virulence determinants. among 77 capsular serotypes of k. pneumoniae, serotypes k1 and k2 are the most virulent ones in humans. objectives: we designed a pcr method for detection of capsular serotypes k1 and k2 of k. pneumoni...