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In the face of costs, cooperative interactions maintained over evolutionary time present a central question in biology. What forces maintain this cooperation? Two potential ways to explain this problem are spatially structured environments (kin selection) and kin-recognition (directed benefits). In a two-locus population genetic model, we investigated the relative roles of spatial structure and...

Inspired by Niels Bohr’s adoption of the Taijitu symbol Yin Yang in his quantum complementarity worldview, this original paper introduces cosmology as an epistemic information theoretic model cosmos. The is relation-based (not object-based) and fundamentally established on foundations positive negative correlations between correlates. Adopting holographic principle ‘t Hooft, fundamental dualist...

Cancer cells are characterized by a complex network of interrelated and compensatory signaling driven by multiple kinases that reduce their sensitivity to targeted therapy. Therefore, strategies directed at inhibiting two or more kinases are required to robustly block the growth of refractory tumour cells. Here we report on a novel strategy to promote sustained inhibition of two oncogenic kinas...

Although digital watermarking protocols have been studied extensively for achieving copyright protection over the Internet for many years, the new issue of secondhand watermarking protocols has been largely ignored. Cheung and Curreem first proposed a buyer-reseller watermarking protocol for digital content redistribution in the second-hand markets. Later, Chen et al. showed that Cheung and Cur...

Kin selection predicts that helpers in cooperative systems should preferentially aid relatives to maximize fitness. In family-based groups, this can be accomplished simply by assisting all group members. In more complex societies, where large numbers of kin and non-kin regularly interact, more sophisticated kin-recognition mechanisms are needed. Bell miners (Manorina melanophrys) are just such ...