Loss-of-function mutations in the ubiquitin ligase parkin are the major cause of recessively inherited early-onset Parkinson disease (PD). Impairment of parkin activity caused by nitrosative or dopamine-related modifications may also be responsible for the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in sporadic PD. Previous studies have shown that viral vector-mediated delivery of parkin prevented DA neu...

Despite the well-known and potent arousal-enhancing effects of amphetamine (AMPH)-like stimulants, the neurobiological substrates of AMPH-induced arousal have rarely been examined explicitly. Available evidence suggests the possible participation of noradrenergic and/or dopaminergic systems in the arousal-enhancing actions of AMPH-like stimulants. The current studies examined the extent to whic...

Phasic increases and decreases in dopamine (DA) transmission encode reward prediction errors thought to facilitate reward-related learning, yet how these signals guide action selection in more complex situations requiring evaluation of different reward remains unclear. We manipulated phasic DA signals while rats performed a risk/reward decision-making task, using temporally discrete stimulation...

BACKGROUND A previous study showed that dopamine (DA), which is contained in follicular fluid (FF) from IVF patients, strongly increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by cultured human granulosa cells (GCs). ROS, including H2O2, are assumed to play roles in ovarian physiology and pathology. Ovarian DA could be derived from the circulation, ovarian innervation and/or unknown ov...

In this paper, the carbon paste electrode (CPE) is modified using an ionic liquid (1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, [BMIM]BF4) and the cis-dioxo-bis[3-methoxy-2,2-dimethylpropanediamine] molybdenum(VI) complex (cis-[Mo(O)2L]). In order to study of the electrochemical behavior of ascorbic acid (AA) and dopamine (DA) at the surface of the prepared CPEs, the differential pulse and cy...

Learning to associate specific objects or actions with rewards and remembering the associations are everyday tasks crucial for our flexible adaptation to the environment. These higher-order cognitive processes depend on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and frontostriatal circuits that connect areas in the frontal lobe with the striatum in the basal ganglia. Both structures are densely innervated by ...

High-frequency stimulation of the nucleus accumbens, also known as deep brain stimulation (DBS), is currently used to alleviate obsessive compulsive symptoms when pharmacotherapy is ineffective. However, the mechanism by which DBS achieves its therapeutic actions is not understood. Imaging studies and the actions of dopaminergic drugs in untreated patients suggest that the dopamine (DA) system ...

This paper studies an insurance problem where agents doubt their forecasting models. Using Hansen-Sargent multiplier preferences, these doubts are represented as sets of probability distributions that are statistically hard to discriminate. Agents differ endogenously in two aspects their forecasting models and the extent of doubts surrounding these models. This heterogeneity gives rise to a new...