BACKGROUND Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL), although rare, is profoundly incapacitating. At present there is no successful treatment for this progressive protozoan infection, which is associated with the absence of specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to Leishmania. This disease shares features with visceral leishmaniasis (VL), including specific CMI inactivity during active disease and ...

A variety of interacting physical, chemical, and biological hypotheses have been proposed to explain the formation of deep chlorophyll layers (DCL). We used an experiment to test the importance of zooplankton grazing and nutrient transport as factors maintaining the DCL. In oligotrophic Yellow Belly Lake (Sawtooth Mountains, central Idaho), which has a DCL, we compared changes in the chlorophyl...

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replicative intermediates from S t r o n g y l o c e n t r o t u s p u r p u r a t u s oocytes were isolated by ethidium bromide-CsC1 density gradient centrifugation and examined by electron microscopy after formamide spreading. In some experiments, the mtDNA was radioactively labeled by exposing isolated oocytes to [3H]thymidine. Oocyte mtDNA replication appears to fo...

Sequence rotation consists of a circular shift of the sequence’s elements by a given number of positions. We present the four classic algorithms to rotate a sequence; the loop invariants underlying their correctness; detailed correctness proofs; and fully annotated versions for the Boogie verifier. The presentation illustrates in detail both how the algorithms work and what it takes to carry ou...

The American cutaneous forms of leishmaniasis include immune-responder individuals with localised cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) and non-responder individuals with diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL). Patients with intermediate or chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ICL) have increased morbidity due to the length of their illness, atypical forms and areas of compromise. In the present study, we e...

BACKGROUND Obesity is an independent predictor of increased morbidity and mortality in critically injured trauma patients. We hypothesized that obese patients in need of damage control laparotomy (DCL) will encounter an increase incidence of postsurgical complications with a concomitant increase mortality when compared with a cohort of nonobese patients. METHODS All adult trauma patients who ...