OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and safety of low dose adrenaline injected subcutaneously to prevent acute adverse reactions to polyspecific antivenom serum in patients admitted to hospital after snake bite. DESIGN Prospective, double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial. SETTING District general hospital in Sri Lanka. SUBJECTS 105 patients with signs of envenomation after snake b...

The production of anti-snake venom from large mammal's blood has been found to be low-yielding and arduous, consequently, antivenom immunoglobulins for treatment are achieved regularly as polyvalent serum. We have standardized an undemanding technique for making purified immunoglobulin IgY antivenom consisting of polyclonal antibodies against coral snake venom in the egg yolk of immunized hens....

Pervasive gaming is a genre of gaming systematically blurring and breaking the traditional boundaries of game. The limits of the magic circle are explored in spatial, temporal and social dimensions. These ways of expanding the game are not new, since many intentional and unintentional examples of similar expansions can be found from earlier games, but the recently emerged fashion of pervasive g...

Gamification has drawn the attention of academics, practitioners and business professionals in domains as diverse as education, information studies, human–computer interaction, and health. As yet, the term remains mired in diverse meanings and contradictory uses, while the concept faces division on its academic worth, underdeveloped theoretical foundations, and a dearth of standardized guidelin...

This paper uses ALIS data to compare academic performance in two subjects often viewed as relatively close substitutes for one another at A-level. The important role of GCSE achievement is confirmed for both subjects. There is evidence of strong gender effects and variation in outcomes across Examination Boards. A counterfactual exercise suggests that if the sample of Business Studies candidate...

We review the first iteration of an Alternate Reality Game (ARG) designed to engage middle school students in the interpretive process behind history and the mathematical roots of cryptography and cartography. Building from the core characteristic of ARGs as collaborative sense-making systems, we sought to integrate elements of effective cooperative learning environments, such as positive inter...

background and objective: scorpion sting and snakebite are the important problems in some area such as iran that must be addressed. this study was to investigate temporal pattern of scorpion sting and snakebite incidence in patients referred to masjedsoleiman’s main hospital, during 24 months from 21 march 2008 to 20 march 2009. materials and methods: it was an analytical study to scrutiny of m...

Laplace–Beltrami operator and its discretization play a central role in the fields of image processing, computer graphics, computer aided geometric design and so on. In this paper, a discrete scheme for Laplace–Beltrami operator over quadrilateral meshes is constructed based on a bilinear interpolation of the quadrilateral. Convergence results for the proposed discrete scheme are established un...

In this paper, we present a new method for quadrilateral mesh generation in complex 2D domains, based on deferred constraint insertion. Our method is especially designed to handle complex geological cross-sections and multi-fractured media. We first introduce a new algorithm for triangular mesh generation: starting with a initial mesh, in general simple and regular, we adaptively modify it in o...