the interaction of dopamine and cysteine for formation of 5-s-cysteinyldopamine are investigated at thehartree-fock level theory. the structural and vibrational properties of 5-s-cysteinyldopamine are studiedat level of hf/6-31g*.interaction energy ( ae) is calculated -771.6923 kcal/mol rotational energy andthermodynamic parameters around two bond have been determined using hf/3-21g. changes of...

the mesolimbic dopamine (da) system contains both d1-like and d2-like receptors, has been connected to control of locomotor behavior. an apparent role for d1 and d2 receptors throughout the mesolimbic system in the alteration of locomotor behavior has been demonstrated in pharmacological studies. the nucleus accumbens (nac) is comprised of a core and a shell subregion, which is a component of t...

the prefrontal cortex (pfc) plays a central role in processing both normal and pathological affective states and it is among the brain regions most closely associated with stress-related psychopathology in humans. the ventromedial pfc (vmpfc) in particular has been shown to be required for healthy emotional regulation, social function and risk assessment and decision-making. also this region ex...

Paliperidone is an atypical antipsychotic medication commonly used to treat schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder. It a metabolite of risperidone has similar mechanism action, primarily blocking dopamine 2 receptors (D2 receptors) in the brain. various adverse effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms, weight gain, metabolic disturbances. Catatonia rare but severe side ...

OBJECTIVES Metabolic changes in the substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson's disease were previously investigated in different molecular-pathological examinations. The aim of our study was the in vivo measurement of these alterations using three-dimensional magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. METHODS 21 patients with Parkinson's disease and 24 controls were examined using magnetic ...

the regulation of dopamine and serotonin synthesis in rat brain striatal synaptosomes has been studied using hplc methods. noradrenaline was shown to markedly inhibit both the synthesis of dopamine and serotonin. the response of the synaptosomes to the concentrations of noradrenaline appeared to be biphasic, a very effective inhibition occurring at low concentrations (1-5 µm) and a relatively i...

objectives the cause of rheumatoid arthritis (ra) as a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease is still unknown. it appears that both genetic and environmental factors play a role in its pathogenesis. recent studies reveal that in addition to the cns, immune cells synthesis neurotransmitters so that these catecholamines can regulate immune functions. the aim of this study is to evaluate the dop...

The pattern of neural, physiological and behavioral effects induced by cocaine is consistent with metabolic neural activation, yet direct attempts to evaluate central metabolic effects of this drug have produced controversial results. Here, we used enzyme-based glucose sensors coupled with high-speed amperometry in freely moving rats to examine how intravenous cocaine at a behaviorally active d...