In this article, an important point of view is that the Norwegian and Swedish Pension reforms differ from each other in certain aspects. This is contrary to a historical tradition that can be traced back to the end of World War Two, where Norway for decades more or less blueprinted Swedish social policy solutions. The main driving force behind the reforms is, however, the same in both countries...

ChatGPT is the world’s most advanced chatbot thus far. Unlike other chatbots, it can create impressive prose within seconds, and has created much hype doomsday predictions when comes to student assessment in higher education a host of matters. state-of-the-art language model (a variant OpenAI’s Generative Pretrained Transformer (GPT) model) designed generate text that be indistinguishable from ...

Robert Koch's identification of the tuberculosis pathogen in 1882 is held to be his greatest scientific achievement. In the eyes of his friend and colleague, Friedrich Loffler, the discovery was a "world-shaking event" which resulted in both instant and everlasting fame, turning Koch "overnight into the most successful and outstanding researcher of all times".' Paul Ehrlich, remembering Koch's ...

Electronic publishing is one part of a much larger process. There is a research lifecycle from creation of a programme for funded research through research proposals, projects, outputs (including publications), exploitation (both for further scholarly work and for commercial or quality of life benefits) and creation of the next programme. Throughout this lifecycle information is the lifeblood; ...

Message Authentication is a short piece of the information used authenticate a message to provide integrity and authenticity assurance on message. Integrity assurance detects accidental and intentional message changes while authenticity assurance affirms the message's origin. It is one of the effective ways prevent unauthorized and computed messages from being forwarded in wireless sensor netwo...

Dreaded doomsday ageing consequences in, particularly European countries and Japan, a result of past protracted fertility decline, provides a pivotal lesson. High fertility Africa is perceived being in a unique historical opportunity, not only to avoid ageing but as some solution to the ageing world also. The paper therefore reviews consequences of ageing in Europe: a predicament, particularly ...

Systematic research of instruction-based conceptual change in Mathematics and Science is characterized by examining the effectiveness of a particular instructional principle in isolation. It is suggested that the field could gain from studying how different instructional principles interact when they are combined. The goal of this research was to systematically study the combined effects of col...

The present corpus-based study addressed the strategies applied in translating the cultural elements (CEs) of the Iranian ‘resistance’ literature into English. The corpus comprised Chess with the Doomsday Machine, Eternal Fragrance, and Fortune Told in Blood translated by Sprachman, Omidvar, and Ghanoonparvar, re- spectively. The Persian books and their English translations were analyzed on thr...

As cities grow, what happens to urban form and how does that change traffic conditions? How does growing traffic affect urban structure? These questions have received considerable theoretical and empirical attention over the last 25 years. They relate to the NIMBY debate, which associates most new development with traffic problems. Yet, until recently, substantial evidence tended to show that u...

Multimedia services such as streaming video and downloadable music are driving revenues and handset turnover in the 3G wireless world. The critical factor, as always, is the quality of the end-user experience. Users won't pay for premium services if the quality and functionality fall below their expectations. Extensive testing is the key to delivering high-quality services and devices. But mult...