an efficient and green method for the synthesis of pyrano[3,2-c]chromene or pyrano[4,3-b]pyrone derivatives is described by using a three-component condensation process of malononitrile, aldehyde, and 4-hydroxycoumarine or 4-hydroxypyrone in [bmim]bf4-licl as an ionic liquid.

in this work, a green, simple and highly efficient procedure for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes is described. the condensation of indoles with carbonyl compounds catalyzed by citric acid in water affords bis(indolyl)methanes in high yields and relatively short reaction times. the advantages of this method are using of water as a low cost solvent and efficient recyclability of the catalyst.

A new method is developed to solve the condensation equation as it relates to air quality models using both semi-Lagrangian and Lagrangian  uxes to increase resolution and perform accurately under stringent conditions that occur in the atmosphere. The new method, partitioned  ux integrated semi-Lagrangian method (PFISLM), can be used with lower-order interpolators and produces highly accurate...

In contrast to the growing interest with the polysilane, the method of preparation hitherto known is highly limited. So far, the almost only practical method is the condensation of organodichlorosilane with alkali metal (Wurtz type condensation). This method, however, requires drastic reaction conditions and hence, is very much limited in the type of substituent that is allowed to be located on...

A new method is developed to solve the condensation equation as it relates to Air Quality Models using both semi-Lagrangian and Lagrangian fluxes to increase resolution and perform accurately under stringent conditions that occur in the atmosphere. The new method, Partitioned Flux Integrated Semi-Lagrangian Method (PFISLM), can be used with lower-order interpolators and they produce highly accu...

Efficient delivery of short interfering RNA (siRNA) remains one of the primary challenges of RNA interference therapy. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)ylated polycationic carriers have been widely used for the condensation of DNA and RNA molecules into complex-core micelles. The PEG corona of such nanoparticles can significantly improve their colloidal stability in serum, but PEGylation of the carrier...

A CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) benchmark calculation for a steam blowdown test was performed for 30 seconds to develop the methodology for a numerical analysis of the thermal mixing between steam and subcooled water and to apply it to APR1400 (Advanced Power Reactor 1400MWe). In the CFD analysis, the steam condensation phenomenon by a direct contact was simulated by the so-called condensa...

The hydrosilylation reaction is a dominant curing method for the light-emitting diode (LED) silicone encapsulant, which requires characteristics of high transparency, high refractive index, and thermal stability against the LED junction temperature. In this research, we synthesized a hydrogen containing oligosiloxane resin through non-hydrolytic sol–gel condensation. Methyldiethoxysilane (MDES)...

INTRODUCTION Success of non-surgical root canal treatment is predicted by meticulous cleaning and shaping of the root canal system, three-dimensional obturation and a well-fitting "leakage-free" coronal restoration. The techniques of obturation that are available have their own relative position in the historical development of filling techniques. Over the years, pitfalls with one technique hav...

in the present of methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate, the synthesis of arylidene heterobicyclic pyrimidinones is studied by condensation of aromatic aldehyde, cyclopentanone, and urea or thiourea. using solvent-free conditions, non-toxic and inexpensive materials, simple and clean work-up, short reaction times and good yields of the products are the advantages of this method.