We study the complexity of influencing elections through bribery: How computationally complex is it for an external actor to determine whether by a certain amount of bribing voters a specified candidate can be made the election’s winner? We study this problem for election systems as varied as scoring protocols and Dodgson voting, and in a variety of settings regarding homogeneous-vs.-nonhomogen...

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The mobile phone has become a common and empowering communication tool, with approximately 6 billion mobile devices currently in use worldwide (ITU, 2011). The rapid development of handheld and mobile technology has created opportunities to use such devices beyond the instant communication purposes for which they were originally designed. Mobile commerce (m-commerce) has become an important cha...

It may come as a surprise to some that there is a science of elections, whose prov­ enance can be traced back to the Marquis de Condorcet in eighteenth-century France, Charles Dodgson (Lewis Carroll) in nineteenth-century England, and Kenneth Arrow in twentieth-century America. Since Arrow published his semi­ nal book, Social Choice and Individual Values, more than fifty years ago (Ar­ row, 195...

In writing Verbal Behavior, B. F. Skinner (1957) made clear his intention not to review the extant literature on the subject matter (Skinner, 1979, p. 282). Nonetheless, he did formally and informally cite many scientific, philosophical, and literary books and articles throughout his text. The formal citations appear as references in footnotes at the bottoms of pages, but are not found in any r...