The dorsolateral striatum (DLS) is implicated in habit formation. However, the DLS circuit mechanisms underlying habit remain unclear. A key role for DLS is to transform sensorimotor cortical input into firing of output neurons that project to the mutually antagonistic direct and indirect basal ganglia pathways. Here we examine whether habit alters this input-output function. By imaging cortica...

We have developed an in situ method to estimate the lateral size of exfoliated nanosheets dispersed in a liquid. Using standard liquid exfoliation and size-selection techniques, we prepared a range of dispersions of graphene, MoS2 and WS2 nanosheets with different mean lateral sizes. The mean nanosheet length was measured using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to vary from ∼40 nm to ∼1 μm...

Reasoning over complex queries in the DLs underlying OWL 2 is of importance in several application domains. We provide decidability and (tight) upper bounds for the problem of checking entailment and containment of positive regular path queries under various combinations of constructs used in such expressive DLs; specifically: regular expressions and (safe) Booleans over roles, and allowing for...

Epistemic extensions of description logics (DLs) have been introduced several years ago in order to enhance expressivity and querying capabilities of these logics by knowledge base introspection. We argue that unintended effects occur when imposing the traditionally employed semantics on the very expressive DLs that underly the OWL 1 and OWL 2 standards. Consequently, we suggest a revised seman...

Concept learning in description logics (DLs) is similar to binary classification in traditional machine learning. The difference is that in DLs objects are described not only by attributes but also by binary relationships between objects. In this paper, we develop the first bisimulation-based method of concept learning in DLs for the following setting: given a knowledge base KB in a DL, a set o...

We propose an extension to Description Logics (DLs) with uncertainty which unifies and/or generalizes a number of existing frameworks for DLs with uncertainty. To this end, we first give a classification of these frameworks and identify the essential features as well as properties of the various combination functions allowed in the underlying uncertainty formalisms they model. This also allows ...

The knowledge representation technology Description Logics (DLs) has become an important component of developments around the Semantic Web. It is suggested here that in order to be really useful, the knowledge represented in DLs should in some fundamental way reflect the way the human mind organises and structures the same knowledge. There is a short historical review of some relevant backgroun...

Fuzzy Description Logics (DLs) generalize crisp ones by providing membership degree semantics for concepts and roles. A popular technique for reasoning in fuzzy DL ontologies is by providing a reduction to crisp DLs and then employ reasoning in the crisp DL. In this paper we adopt this approach to solve conjunctive query (CQ) answering problems for fuzzy DLs. We give reductions for Gödel, and Ł...

Rough Description Logics (DLs) have been studied as a means for representing and reasoning with imprecise knowledge. It has been shown that reasoning in rough DLs can be reduced to reasoning in a classical DL that allows value restrictions, and transitive and inverse roles. This shows that for propositionally closed DLs, the complexity of reasoning is not increased by the inclusion of rough con...