This study aims to analyse sea use landscape patterns on a regional scale based on methods of landscape ecology integrated with sea use spatial characteristics. Several landscape-level analysis indices, such as the dominance index, complex index, intensivity index, diversity index and sea congruency index, were established using Geographic Information System (GIS) and applied in Huludao, China....

recognizing of genetic diversity and genetic potential of each plant species is necessary and essential before any works on breeding program. genetic diversity among five populations of walnut (juglans regia l.) was studied using 11 ssr markers. the marker system produced 77 alleles in a range size of 176-275 bps. the minimum (2) and maximum (11) numbers of alleles were related to genetic locus...

road construction is one of the effective factors for ecological changes which affects diversity and species composition in forest roads edges. this research was performed in kheirud forest to evaluate herbaceous diversity and tree regeneration establishment in different distances from road edge. for this purpose, we sampled herbaceous and tree species regeneration in 0,5,10,25, 50 and 100 m di...

Urbanization and loss of natural habitat has resulted in cities being identified as ecosystems capable of sustaining biotic communities and diversity. This study measured bird species diversity at Vadakkechira pond and surrounding areas during the period 2002-2009. This habitat is situated right in the heart of the city of Thrissur which is renowned for its historic importance and cultural extr...

We study the consequences of introducing individual nonconformity in social interactions, based on Axelrod’s model for the dissemination of culture. A constraint on the number of situations in which interaction may take place is introduced in order to lift the unavoidable homogeneity present in the final configurations arising in Axelrod’s related models. The inclusion of this constraint leads ...

A high degree of topical diversity is often considered to be an important characteristic of interesting text documents. A recent proposal for measuring topical diversity identifies three elements for assessing diversity: words, topics, and documents as collections of words. Topic models play a central role in this approach. Using standard topic models for measuring diversity of documents is sub...

This document explains diversity related methods in vegan. The methods are briefly described, and the equations used them are given often in more detail than in their help pages. The methods discussed include common diversity indices and rarefaction, families of diversity indices, species abundance models, species accumulation models and beta diversity, extrapolated richness and probability of ...