A noticeable implication of unprecedented expansion in size and population of major cities of Pakistan has been the demand for transport facilities and services. The generally low car ownership rate and limited access to personal motorised transport has created space for public transport to become the most efficient way of providing good access for longer distance trips within the cities. The u...

On the basis of the “space of flows” theory, city networks emphasizing factor connectivity and spatial connection have become a core perspective for regional spatial relationships. They provide a context for discussing the spatial structures of city networks and a scientific basis for making regional development policies. Relying on expressway traffic flow data from Jiangsu Province in 2014, th...

The movable type printing press was the great innovation in early modern information technology, but economists have found no evidence of its impact in measures of aggregate productivity or income per person. This paper examines the technology from a new perspective by exploiting city-level data on the establishment of printing presses in 15th century Europe. I find that between 1500 and 1600, ...

This paper aims to explain the spatial variationsof crime, both between and within cities. Two types of mechanisms are put forward: Social interactions that stipulate that an individual is more likely to commit crime if his peers commit than if they do not commit crime, and distance to jobs that indicates that remote residential location induces individuals to commit more crime. Both mechanisms...

the consideration of tehran metropolis and its soundings areas has been the first one of recent challenges in iran’s spatial planning which made it possible to develop the concepts such metropolitan region and conurbation. however, it is obvious that there appears to be a much more proper structure due to neo-regionalism and globalization in order to understanding of dynamic nature of tehran an...

The relationship between the urban and rural world is examined here from the standpoint of the role of local leaders and their retinues of armed men, their impact on the cities and the impact of the cities on them. In periods of state weakness or disintegration, Afghan cities were unable to resist the ‘solidarity groups’ which had coagulated in the countryside under the pressure of constant con...

East Java Province has an uneven welfare condition. The conditions are indicated by a large number of poor people in and the rate economic growth which decreased 2020, reaching -2.39% due to impact pandemic. Welfare can be measured through several indicators, while indicators used classify districts cities among others include population density, labor force, force participation rate, open unem...

Can individuals’ aversion to drug markets curb the benefits of decriminalization? We investigate effect two policies on housing demand in Netherlands: distance-to-school criterion, which closed some cannabis shops a few cities; and zero-tolerance policy, banned within municipal jurisdictions. While small increase distance retailers raised house prices by 1–5%, substantial reduced them 1–6%. Bot...

extended abstractintroductiontoday, large number of world’s major cities is located in coastal environments these towns have and all important positions in the economic, cultural and social functions. coastal areas and the cities located in they are economically very important in terms of the environment, sensitive to many of factors influencing and physically, against a variety of natural haza...