trips agreement (trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights) is one of the binding agreements of world trade organization, upon the cases originate from that agreement also heared at dispute settlement understanding. one different character of trips agreement is expressing minimum standards. the diverse explanation of its articles may lead to some controversy between members of world...

The current trend in Online Dispute Resolution focuses mostly on the development of technological tools that allow parties to solve conflicts through telecommunication means. However, this tendency leaves aside key issues, namely our concern with respect to context information that was previously available in traditional Alternative Dispute Resolution processes. The main weakness of this approa...

The current trend in Online Dispute Resolution focuses mostly on the development of technological tools that allow parties to solve conflicts through telecommunication means. However, this tendency leaves aside key issues, namely the context information that was previously available in traditional Alternative Dispute Resolution processes. The main weakness of this approach is that conflict reso...

Online dispute resolution is becoming the main method when dealing with a conflict in e-commerce. A family of defeasible reasoning patterns is used to provide a useful link between dispute resolution agents and legal doctrines. The proposed argumentation framework combines defeasible logic with temporal reasoning and argumentation with level of certainty. The evaluation of arguments depends on ...

This article explores how private organizations influence the content and meaning of consumer protection legislation. I examine why California forced consumers to use a private dispute resolution system that affords consumers fewer rights, while Vermont adopted a state-run disputing structure that affords consumers greater rights. Drawing from historical and new institutional theories, I analyz...

The usual calculation of the P-value for the classical problem of‎ ‎comparing probabilities is not always accurate‎. ‎This‎ ‎issue arose in the context of a legal dispute which depended on when‎ ‎some written material was written in a diary‎. ‎The problem raises‎ ‎some issues on the foundations of statistical inference.‎ 

Arguments in structured argumentation are usually defined as trees, and extensions as sets of such treebased arguments with various properties depending on the particular argumentation semantics. However, these arguments and extensions may have redundancies as well as circularities, which are conceptually and computationally undesirable. Focusing on the specific case of Assumption-Based Argumen...

OBJECTIVES Doctor-patient conflict is a phenomenon that has become one of the major social problems affecting China's medical system today. This study aimed to analyse the nature of medical dispute incidents arising from dental practice, discover the related factors that may have incited such disputes and explore measures whereby the incidents of patients' conflicts towards dentists can be redu...

Deliberative democracy is a form of alternative dispute resolution. Consulting the public in a thoughtful and representative way can lead to consequential public policy outcomes that might otherwise have been difficult to achieve. However, some recent literature appears to treat deliberative democracy and alternative dispute resolution as rivals.! While there are differences in emphasis and in ...