BACKGROUND The HIV co-receptors CXCR4 and CCR5 play an important role in HIV infection and replication. Therefore we hypothesize that long-term non-progressors (LTNP) with viral control have lower expression of CCR5 and CXCR4 on CD4(+) cells, specifically on memory T-lymphocytes since they are the primary target cells of HIV. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we included five HIV-infecte...

BACKGROUND Significant immunomodulatory effects have been described as result of cigarette smoking in adults and pregnant women. However, the effect of cigarette smoking during pregnancy on the lymphocyte subpopulations in newborns has been discussed, controversially. METHODS In a prospective birth cohort, we analyzed the peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations of smoking (SM) and non-smoking mo...

Let (X, T ) be a topological dynamical system (TDS), and h(T, K) the topological entropy of a subset K of X . (X, T ) is lowerable if for each 0 ≤ h ≤ h(T, X) there is a non-empty compact subset with entropy h; is hereditarily lowerable if each non-empty compact subset is lowerable; is hereditarily uniformly lowerable if for each non-empty compact subset K and each 0 ≤ h ≤ h(T, K) there is a no...

We present several forcing posets for adding a non-reflecting stationary subset of Pω1 (λ), where λ ≥ ω2. We prove that PFA is consistent with dense non-reflection in Pω1 (λ), which means that every stationary subset of Pω1 (λ) contains a stationary subset which does not reflect to any set of size א1. If λ is singular with countable cofinality, then dense non-reflection in Pω1 (λ) follows from ...

In this paper, we explore whether the geography of bank services has been converging toward the market since banking geographic deregulation. We use Illinois as a study area and examine changes in various market segments such as metro and non-metro markets, and regional markets. We adopt the Spatial Concentration Index (SCI) and the related supply and demand SCI deviations to measure changing s...

Let A be a zero-sum free subset of Zn with |A| = k. We compute for k ≤ 7 the least possible size of the set of all subset-sums of A.

in this paper we consider the non-preemptive variant of a multi-mode resource constrained project scheduling problem (mrcpsp) with mode identity, in which a set of project activities is partitioned into disjoint subsets while all activities forming one subset have to be processed in the same mode. we present a depth-first branch and bound algorithm for the resource constrained project schedulin...