BACKGROUND Stress occurring at the feet while wearing footwear is often determined using pressure measurement systems. However, other forms of stress, such as bending, torsional and shear loadings, cannot be detected in shoes during day-to-day activities. Nevertheless, the detection of these types of stresses would be helpful for understanding the mechanical aspects of various kinds of hard and...

Several factors have been affecting the urban design areas, leading to construction of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings. Buildings on sloped terrains gaining increased popularity, especially from architectural peers. The vulnerability constructions seismic loads increases due mass and vertical irregularity, which in turn torsional moments as well shear forces. To control effect loads, many sy...