We define a class of symmetric discrete memoryless multiple-access channels. This definition incorporates previous definitions of symmetry for single user channels and is characterized by the optimality of the uniform distribution with respect to total channel capacity. We further identify a sub-class of channels in which channel symmetry is a direct result of a transposition symmetry in the tr...

Introduction Discrete systems are widespread in applications. In particular, many nanostructures are symmetric discrete formations. From a fundamental point of view, there are many philosophical and physical arguments that discreteness is more suitable for describing physics at small distances than continuity which arises only as approximation or as a logical limit in considering large collecti...

BACKGROUND While measures of asymmetry may provide a means of identifying individuals predisposed to injury, normative asymmetry values for challenging sport specific movements in elite athletes are currently lacking in the literature. In addition, previous studies have typically investigated symmetry using discrete point analyses alone. This study examined biomechanical symmetry in elite rugby...

The continuous Lorentz symmetry is broken to a discrete subgroup–but the internal (gauge) symmetry is preserved. Note that it is this feature that renders the study of lattice supersymmetry so non-trivial, since supersymmetry mixes Lorentz symmetry and internal symmetry in a non-trivial way. In quantum mechanics we consider functions that take values in phase space. These functions are valued i...

We note that in (2+1)-dimensional gauge theories with even number of massless fermions, there is anomalous Z2 symmetry if theory is regularized in a parity-invariant way. We then consider a parity invariant U(1)V × U(1)A model, which induces a mutual Chern-Simons term in the effective action due to Z2 anomaly. The effect of the discrete anomaly is studied in the induced spin and in the dynamica...

Group theoretical arguments seem to indicate the discrete symmetry S4 as the minimal flavor symmetry compatible with tribimaximal neutrino mixing. We prove in a model-independent way that indeed S4 can realize exact tribimaximal mixing through different symmetry breaking patterns. We present two models in which lepton tribimaximal mixing is realized in different ways and for each one we discuss...

Two new neutrino mass matrix textures exhibiting the \emph{mixed $\mu$-$\tau$ symmetry} are proposed. The matrices hint for a promising mixing schemes and find their connections with $\Delta(27)$ $A_{4}$ discrete symmetry groups respectively.

A new mechanism for breaking an internal symmetry spontaneously is discussed, which is intermediate between the Nambu-Goldstone and Wigner modes of symmetry breaking. Here the qq̄ sea takes the role of the vacuum of the Nambu-Goldstone case. Flavor symmetry becomes a discrete permutation symmetry of the valence quarks with respect to the sea quarks, which can be spontaneously broken without gene...

There are many complex combinatorial problems which involve searching for an undirected graph satisfying a certain property. These problems are often highly challenging because of the large number of isomorphic representations of a possible solution. In this paper we introduce novel, effective and compact, symmetry breaking constraints for undirected graph search. While incomplete, these prove ...

We study a square plaquette of four optical microtraps containing ultracold 87Rb atoms in the F = 1 hyperfine state. In the presence of an external resonant magnetic field, the dipolar interactions couple the initial mF = 1 component to other Zeeman sublevels. This process is a generalization of the Einstein–de Haas effect to the case when the external potential has only C4 point symmetry. We o...