BACKGROUND/AIMS To determine factors predictive of discordance in staging liver fibrosis using liver biopsy (LB) and acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). METHODS Consecutive patients with CHB who underwent LB and ARFI elastography on the same day from November 2010 to March 2013 were prospectively recruited from three tertiary hospit...

INTRODUCTION Brush cytology is a rapid, cost-effective, and reliable tool to diagnose gastrointestinal tract (GIT) lesions in low-resource settings. Most of the studies on GIT brushings have focused on upper GI lesions. We have studied the diagnostic accuracy of brush cytology in the entire length of GIT and correlated the cytological diagnosis with histopathology. The aim of this study is to s...

BACKGROUND HIV negative members of serostatus discordant couples are at high risk for HIV acquisition, but few interventions are in place to target them in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS In this study, we interviewed 28 couples, 3 times over a period of one year to understand their perceptions and attitudes around discordance, their relationship dynamics, their HIV risk behaviour, their beliefs ...

CONTEXT Autopsy often reveals new diagnoses of malignant neoplasms, but as technological advances to improve diagnosis during life have improved, autopsy rates have declined dramatically. OBJECTIVE To determine if there is still a high discordance rate between clinical and autopsy diagnoses of malignant neoplasms despite increasing technological advances in diagnostic methods. DESIGN AND SE...

PURPOSE We investigated the prognostic impact of discordance between the receptor status of primary breast cancers and corresponding metastases. METHODS A total 144 patients with breast cancer and distant metastasis were investigated. The estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status of primary tumor and corresponding metastases...

Twin pregnancies are becoming common as a result of increased assisted reproduction. Studies have shown that the smaller twin of a pair is at greater risk of morbidity and mortality. Our aim was to determine if there is a relation between birth-weight discordancy and neonatal morbidity and mortality and to test the occurrence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in discordant twins. For 5 yea...

OBJECTIVE In the past, accurate diagnosis of lymphoma was challenging since there were multiple competing classification systems that caused confusion and debate. After establishment of the World Health Organization lymphoma classification, lymphomas still remain a diagnostic challenge among general pathologists. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the discordance among centers has...

PURPOSE To define the impact of discordant Gleason sum (GS) between prostate biopsy (Pbx) tissue and radical prostatectomy (RP) specimen among men initially diagnosed with Gleason 6 or 7 prostate adenocarcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated patients diagnosed with GS 6 or 7 and treated primarily with RP. We defined the frequency of GS discordance between Pbx and RP pathology reports. We...

BACKGROUND Immunologic tests such as the tuberculin skin test (TST) and QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube test (QFT-GIT) are designed to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, both latent M. tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and infection manifesting as active tuberculosis disease (TB). These tests need high specificity to minimize unnecessary treatment and high sensitivity to allow maximum detect...

When there is more than one perspective to interpret a dataset, concordance (or discordance) between the result sets from the different perspectives plays an important role in getting refined results. For example, several clustering algorithms generate different results for the same input. To get useful insights, users need to combine different perspectives by checking concordance between those...