because of electricity subsidies, electricity price in iran is much lower than its real value, and the growth of electricity demand is much more than its rational rate, which in turn implies ever increasing investment in the electricity section by the government. therefore, the recent government policies are based on elimination of electricity subsidies, followed by commissioning complete elect...

the effects of omitting production subsidies from agricultural sector and the related industries in iran are explored in this paper. to simulate the effects of this policy, a computable general equilibrium (cge) model for iran economy was developed and the latest input- output table published in 2001 and the accompanying information regarding national accounts was used as database in the form o...

Abstract I develop a directed technical change model of economic growth and energy efficiency in order to study the impact climate mitigation policies on use. show that standard Cobb–Douglas production function used environmental macroeconomics literature overstates reduction cumulative use can be achieved with given path taxes. also that, model, government combines taxes research development (...

This paper constructs a model where the identity of subsidized industries changes over time. An increase in the R&D subsidy raises innovation in industries that are currently subsidized, lowers innovation in the others, and raises aggregate innovation.

Over the last 10 years, the solar photovoltaic (PV) market has experienced tremendous growth due in part to government incentive programs. This paper estimates a dynamic model to understand the impact of these programs on residential solar installations and evaluates the impact of alternative incentive policies. The model separately evaluates the effect of up-front subsidies, tax credits and pr...

In a high tax, high minimum wage labor market like France, payroll subsidies can reduce the minimum labor cost and expand employment opportunities for the low-skilled. Effects of these subsidies go beyond the directly affected. A particular concern is that high quality jobs may be replaced with lower quality ones, which hurts the employment opportunities of highly skilled workers and is costly ...

BACKGROUND Obesity implies costs not only for the individual but also for society. The authors explore the opinions of stakeholders on the potential of taxes or subsidies, as measures for tackling obesity in Europe. METHODS Structured interviews were conducted using Multicriteria Mapping, a computer-based, decision-support tool, with 189 interviewees drawn from 21 different stakeholder catego...

The life spans of demersal species of fishes occurring in deep-waters are much longer and their potential growth rates much lower than those of related shallow water species. As a result, deep-sea demersal fish species are more vulnerable to exploitation. This is because low growth rates relative to the available market discount rate for capital makes it desirable for fishing firms to mine, rat...

Transport-related Fringe Benefits: Implications for Commuting and Relocation Fringe benefits of various kinds have become an essential element of modern labour market mechanisms. Firms offer transport-related fringe benefits such as transport subsidies (company cars, travel and parking subsidies) and relocation subsidies to job applicants. The spatial implications of these fringe benefits have ...