An SDL pattern is a reusable software artifact representing a generic solution for a recurring design problem. It is required that SDL be the applied design language. However, just offering an SDL pattern pool to the system designer will not result in the expected benefits of software reuse, such as shorter development cycles, improved quality, or easier maintenance of the resulting products. A...

multi agent markov decision processes (mmdps), as the generalization of markov decision processes to the multi agent case, have long been used for modeling multi agent system and are used as a suitable framework for multi agent reinforcement learning. in this paper, a generalized learning automata based algorithm for finding optimal policies in mmdp is proposed. in the proposed algorithm, mmdp ...

The effect of nurses' confidence to counsel patients at risk of stroke in selected health promotion areas: smoking cessation, exercise and nutrition was examined. Bandura's (1986) self-efficacy and Knowles' adult learning theories provided the theoretical underpinnings for the study. This was a quasi-experimental design in which neuroscience nurses (N = 23) from a quaternary hospital completed ...

This paper presents a new approach to the formal veriication of SDL speciications. SDL is given de-notational semantics based on the concepts of streams and stream processing functions in the formal framework of Focus. The formalization of SDL revealed some aspects of SDL which are handled un-precisely in the Z.100, e.g., the concept of time, and gives a solution to them. The formal semantics i...

In November 1999, the current version of specification and description language (SDL), commonly referred to as SDL-2000, passed through ITU-T. In November 2000, the formal semantics of SDL2000 was officially approved to become part of the SDL language definition. It covers both the static and the dynamic semantics, and is based on the formalism of abstract state machines (ASMs). To support exec...

Introduction: There is a growing trend in online education coursesin higher education institutes. Previous studies have shown thathigh levels of self-direction are essential for successful onlinelearning. The present study aims to investigate challenges of andbarriers to self-directed virtual-learning among postgraduatestudents of medical sciences.Methods: 23 postgraduate virtual students of me...

In this paper, we present an efficient way how protocols modelled in SDL (Specification and Description Language) can be transformed into efficient implementations for resource-constrained wireless sensor nodes. We will show how SDL concepts such as processes, timers, or signals can be mapped to operating system concepts provided by the Reflex operating system. Our approach is based on optimize...

1 SDL is the premier language for specification, design and development of real time systems, and in particular for telecommunication applications. SDL-2000 became the international standard in force in November 1999, replacing the previous version. This paper gives an overview of SDL-2000 and fills the gap between previously published tutorials and the current SDL standard.

This paper presents a new approach to the formal veri cation of SDL speci cations SDL is given de notational semantics based on the concepts of streams and stream processing functions in the formal framework of Focus The formalization of SDL revealed some aspects of SDL which are handled un precisely in the Z e g the concept of time and gives a solution to them The formal semantics is the start...