Morphine is still the mainstay in treatment of severe pain and is metabolized in the liver mainly by glucuronidation, partly to the pharmacologically active morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G). The sulfation pathway has attracted much less attention but may also form active metabolites. The aim of the present study was to study two sulfate metabolites of morphine in humans. Urine and plasma from newbo...

Oversulfated chondroitin sulfate (OSCS) was identified as a contaminant in certain heparin preparations as the cause of adverse reactions in patients. OSCS was found to possess both plasma anticoagulant activity and the ability to activate prekallikrein to kallikrein. Differentially sulfated chondroitin sulfates were prepared by synthetic modification of chondroitin sulfate and were compared to...

We report a detailed analysis of heparan sulfate (HS) structure using a model of human colon carcinogenesis. Metabolically radiolabeled HS was isolated from adenoma and carcinoma cells. The chain length of HS was the same in both cell populations (Mr 20,000; 45-50 disaccharides), and the chains contained on average of two sulfated domains (S domains), identified by heparinase I scission. This e...

Zr-containing UiO-66 and MOF-808 are evaluated for converting levulinic acid (LA) into γ-valerolactone (GVL) through various routes: (i) Step-wise esterification of LA to n-butyl levulinate (nBuL) Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley (MPV) reduction GVL; (ii) One-pot two-steps with n-butanol followed by MPV sec-butanol; (iii) direct conversion GVL a tandem reaction. Selection this multistep complex reactio...

A potential industrial waste-waste co-treatment process was proposed and verified for the recovery of valuable metals Co, Ni, Cu from copper smelting slag by utilizing high temperature SO2 off-gas. Sulfation roasting followed water leaching under designed thermodynamic conditions conducted to facilitate selective formation sulfates while separating iron as oxide. Several parameters were studied...

During the secretory phase of the human menstrual cycle, the endometrium is minimally responsive to the estrogens secreted from the ovaries. Conjugation of beta-estradiol (E2) with sulfate is thought to be an important mechanism in the regulation of the levels of active E2 in endometrial tissue. Estrogen sulfation is reportedly increased during the secretory phase in response to the high levels...

The sulfation of tyrosine residues is a posttranslational modification that occurs in all eukaryotes.[1] This ubiquitous modification has been identified on many secretory proteins with diverse biological activities. Tyrosine O-sulfate (Tyr(SO3H)) residues often are important for facilitating specific protein±protein interactions.[2] However, there is little information on the molecular basis f...