‎‎let $g=(v,e)$ be a simple graph‎. ‎an edge labeling $f:eto {0,1}$ induces a vertex labeling $f^+:vtoz_2$ defined by $f^+(v)equiv sumlimits_{uvin e} f(uv)pmod{2}$ for each $v in v$‎, ‎where $z_2={0,1}$ is the additive group of order 2‎. ‎for $iin{0,1}$‎, ‎let‎ ‎$e_f(i)=|f^{-1}(i)|$ and $v_f(i)=|(f^+)^{-1}(i)|$‎. ‎a labeling $f$ is called edge-friendly if‎ ‎$|e_f(1)-e_f(0)|le 1$‎. ‎$i_f(g)=v_f(...

O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation is a dynamic protein posttranslational modification with roles in processes such as transcription, cell cycle regulation, and metabolism. Detailed mechanistic studies of O-GlcNAc have been hindered by a lack of methods for measuring O-GlcNAc stoichiometries and the interplay of glycosylation with other posttranslational modifications. We rec...

Direct bromination of the tyrosine residues of peptides and antibodies with bromine-76, to create probes for PET imaging, has been reported. For peptides that do not contain tyrosine residues, however, a prosthetic group is required to achieve labeling via conjugation to other functional groups such as terminal α-amines or lysine ε-amines. The goal of this study was to develop new strategies fo...

Isotopic labeling has been used to determine that a portion of the desired product in the Pd-catalyzed fluorination of electron-rich, non-ortho-substituted aryl triflates results from direct C-F cross-coupling. In some cases, formation of a Pd-aryne intermediate is responsible for producing undesired regioisomers. The generation of the Pd-aryne intermediate occurs primarily via ortho-deprotonat...

Herein we report a study combining metabolomics and mass isotopomer analysis used for investigation of the biochemical fate of γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB). Using various (13)C incorporation labeling patterns into GHB, we have discovered that GHB is catabolized by previously unknown processes that include (i) direct β-oxidation to acetyl-CoA and glycolate, (ii) α-oxidation to 3-hydroxypropionyl-...

TMPP (5, 10, 15, 20 tetrakis {4-methoxyphenyl} 21H, 23H porphyrin) was labeled with technetium-99m via direct labeling technique using stannous chloride as a reducing agent. The optimum conditions that gave high labeling yield (95.2%) of Tc-TMPP complex were achieved by using 3mg TMPP, 100g SnCl2.2H2O, at pH 3 and 30min reaction time. Accumulation of Tc-TMPP complex was studied in tumor bearin...

The existence of aneuploid cells within the mammalian brain has suggested the influence of genetic mosaicism on normal neural circuitry. However, aneuploid cells might instead be glia, nonneural, or dying cells, which are irrelevant to direct neuronal signaling. Combining retrograde labeling with FISH for chromosome-specific loci, distantly labeled aneuploid neurons were observed in expected an...

Diffusion-weighted images of the human brain are acquired more and more routinely in clinical research settings, yet segmenting and labeling white matter tracts in these images is still challenging. We present in this paper a fully automated method to extract many anatomical tracts at once on diffusion tensor images, based on a Markov random field model and anatomical priors. The approach provi...

food labeling is found to be a very important public health tool aimed at providing consumers with information which may influence their purchasing decisions. this study has aimed to assess the consumers' behaviors about the important information on the labels and their reasons for use or non-use. this descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted as point of purchase survey among 2123 shoppe...

Distinguishing members from non-members of some categories can be accomplished by identifying one or several diagnostic features (e.g., zebra-stripes are diagnostic of zebras). Other categories lack diagnostic features (e.g., dogs). Consequently, distinguishing members from nonmembers requires attending to many correlated dimensions. Interestingly, children and nonhuman animals are less adept a...