A variable-structure (VS) PID controller for the level process is proposed. A methodology of analysis of its stability and performance is given. It is proposed that stability of the VS system can be approximately analyzed via the describing function method. The describing function of the VS PID controller is derived. It is shown that the system with the VS PID controller is quasi-linear. Tuning...

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is the most commonly used system for restoring function after spinal cord injury (SCI). In this study, we used a model consists of a joint, two links with one degree of freedom, and two muscles as flexor and extensor of the joint, which simulated in MATLAB using SimMechanics and Simulink Toolboxes. The muscle model is based on Zajac musculotendon actuator...

This paper presents an Automatic Generation Control scheme for multi area power system using integrator and PID controller. The simulation results of four areas are compared using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Automatic Generation Control is a very important process that operates constantly to balance the generation and load. PID controllers can be tuned by using many methods. In all methods an ini...

In this paper, an improved cascade control methodology for superheated processes is developed, in which the primary PID controller is implemented by neural networks trained by minimizing error entropy criterion. The entropy of the tracking error can be estimated recursively by utilizing receding horizon window technique. The measurable disturbances in superheated processes are input to the neur...

This paper presents the design of a Fuzzy PID controller (FPID) based on fuzzy logic with a PID structure with many valued logic and reasoning. The self-turning Fuzzy PID control take in an error and the rate of change of error of the altitude and attitude of the quadrotor as the input to the fuzzy controller and use the fuzzy rules to adjust the PID parameter automatically. Simulations have be...

This paper presents an application of the artificial intelligent search technique to find parameters optimization of power system stabilizer (PSS) considering proportional-integral-derivative controller (PID) for a multi-machine power system. Gain settings of PID PSS which improve damping frequency of system are optimized by minimizing an objective function using the artificial intelligent sear...

In order to improve the response performance of a proportion integration differentiation (PID) controller for magnetorheological fluids (MRF) brake and to reduce the braking fluctuation rate, an improved fruit fly optimization algorithm for PID controller parameters tuning of MRF brake is proposed. A data acquisition system for MRF brake is designed and the transfer function of MRF brake is ide...

We introduce a novel and robust active queue management (AQM) scheme based on a fuzzy controller, called hybrid fuzzy-PID controller. In the TCP network, AQM is important to regulate the queue length by passing or dropping the packets at the intermediate routers. RED, PI, and PID algorithms have been used for AQM. But these algorithms show weaknesses in the detection and control of congestion u...

PID controllers are designed and optimized in this paper for wood-berry distillation column using simulated annealing algorithm and particle swarm optimization method. PID controllers are the common instruments used in control applications. Construction of PID controllers is smooth and easy. It furnishes more stability and malleable while governing the processes. Thousands of PID loops strive t...

This paper describes the development of PD, PID Computed-Torque (CT), and a PD digital motion controller for the autonomous navigation of a Wheeled Mobile Robot (WMR) in outdoor environments. The controllers select the suitable control torques, so that the WMR follows the desired path produced from a navigation algorithm described in a previous paper. PD CT, PID CT, and PD digital controllers w...