Correlation matrices of foreign exchange rate time series are investigated for 60 world currencies. Minimal Spanning Tree (MST) graphs for the gold, silver and platinum are presented. Inverse power like scaling is discussed for these graphs as well as for four distinct currency groups (major, liquid, less liquid and non-tradable). The worst scaling has been found for USD and related currencies.

Derivatives markets in emerging economies have continued to grow since 2010, driven mostly by very strong growth in the OTC market. Emerging market currencies have become more international as offshore markets are a major contributor to FX turnover. The Chinese renminbi is actively traded within emerging Asia. Trading of emerging market currencies is positively related to the size of cross-bord...

Paper currencies could be one of the most potential vehicles to transmit diseases amongst the people. The daily transactions have made the paper currency to pass through many hands and pathogens become imposed on them before they are finally deposited in banks. Modern scientific studies have confirmed the presence of various pathogenic bacteria on paper currencies. Amongst others, Staphylococcu...

Abstract Can massive online retailers such as Amazon and Alibaba issue digital tokens that potentially compete with bank debit accounts? There is a long history of trading stamps loyalty points, but new technologies are poised to sharply raise the significance redeemable assets store value. Here, we develop simple stylized model can be used study sales pricing strategies for issuing tokens, inc...

Recent developments in global financial markets revealed that cryptocurrencies experienced rapid growth due to the popularity of blockchain technology and its evolving position digital finance industry. The rise led economists question generally accepted practices. Particularly interaction between two different types arose as a hot research topic discover specific relationships differences majo...

Paper currencies could be one of the most potential vehicles to transmit diseases amongst the people. The daily transactions have made the paper currency to pass through many hands and pathogens become imposed on them before they are finally deposited in banks. Modern scientific studies have confirmed the presence of various pathogenic bacteria on paper currencies. Amongst others, Staphylococcu...

The article examines modern models of digital currency systems central banks (CBDC) for retail payments and wholesale settlements. study gives economic interpretation defines the key characteristics bank currencies, identifies features main currencies analyzes most advanced national implementation projects CBDC. concludes that are a new (digital) form fiat money. is due to need improve efficien...

Abstract Between the worldwide digital currencies one can also pinpoint those of central banks being a part move towards cashless society. Several are already planning to issue them, while others conducting studies on them. Literature topic is heavily increasing, including understanding bank (CBDCs), their risks, and banks’ future position This paper analyzes Twitter data tagged with “cbdc” has...