Background & Aims: Type 1 diabetes, or insulin-dependent diabetes, is an autoimmune disease in which pancreatic beta cells are destroyed by the immune system. Hitherto, no definite treatment has been found for this condition. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent, self-renewing cells that have the ability to differentiate into mesodermal tissues. This ability has attracted the attention...

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although spinal cord injury (sci) is one of the most common injuries after a road accident, there is no definite treatment for it. in this regard, nanotechnology has focused to retrieve damaged tissue function by designing of a biomaterial as a mimicking extracellular matrix to reduce inflammation, scar and lactate dehydrogenase, to fill the cyst and improve the graft integration, cell prolifer...

social differentiation is among the important concepts in sociology. the importance of the concept may be understood from its frequent recurrence in the works of the early sociologists including spencer, durkheim, weber and marx, as well as in the works of later sociologists such as parsons, smelser and luhmann. the idea of segregation is mainly discussed as a key concept in the theories of soc...

the main disorder are due to sex chromosomal aberration comprising 2644(82.5%), cases ranging from 1211  klinefelter followed by 1025 turner  syndrome, 345 triple x, 49 double y and 14 cases of xx male. the second group consists 116 cases of gonadal dysgenesis bearing 0.042 risk of malignant transformation for xy gonadal dysgenesis. the 3rd group is hormonal defects consisting 29 cases of conge...