This study aims to compare the Wald test and likelihood ratio (LRT) approaches with Classical Test Theory (CTT) Item Response (IRT) based differential item functioning (DIF) detection methods in context of cognitive diagnostic models (CDMs), using TIMSS 2011 dataset as a retrofitting study. CDMs, which have significant potential when determining DIF their contribution validity, can give confide...

Ensuring measurement invariance for students with disabilities is critical fair in large-scale testing. Specific learning disability constitutes the largest group among groups. In this study, it was aimed to examine of Turkish Central Exam Secondary Education according whether or not have a specific disability. 994 diagnosed formed focus group, whilst 1,000 without any constituted reference gro...

Fibreoptic tracheal intubation is a useful technique in patients whose tracheas are dif®cult to intubate. 69 However, there are two major dif®culties with this technique. The ®rst is location of the glottis and insertion of a ®brescope into the trachea. Induction of general anaesthesia (with or without neuromuscular block) causes the soft palate, tongue and epiglottis to approximate to the post...

Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in Escherichia coli results in the formation of circular dimer chromosomes, which are converted back to monomers by a compensating exchange at the dif resolvase site. Recombination at dif is site specific and can be monitored by utilizing a density label assay that we recently described. To characterize factors affecting SCE frequency, we analyzed dimer resolutio...

Background and aims The nine-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale - Short Form (IGDS-SF9) is brief and effective to evaluate Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) severity. Although its scores show promising psychometric properties, less is known about whether different groups of gamers interpret the items similarly. This study aimed to verify the construct validity of the Persian IGDS-SF9 and examine ...

The dif locus is a RecA-independent recombination site, located in the terminus region of the chromosome of Escherichia coli. This site functions to reduce circular dimer chromosomes to monomers before cell division. Strains lacking this site exhibit the Dif phenotype, in which a fraction of the cells form extended filaments with abnormal nucleoids, and the SOS system is induced. We have used a...

A highly regulative pattern of prestalk and prespore tissue is formed during Dictyostelium development, starting from separate amoebae. Potential morphogens controlling this process have been hunted biochemically, using bioassays to monitor activity. All those discovered to date are low MW diffusible compounds: cAMP, adenosine, NH3 and DIFs 1-3. The DIFs are assayed by their ability to induce i...

Previous studies indicate that residents may benefit from a "quiet side" to their dwellings. The influence of the level of road traffic noise exposure at the least exposed side on road traffic noise annoyance was studied in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Road traffic noise exposure was assessed at the most and least exposed façade (Lden,most and Lden,least respectively) of dwellings for subjects i...

Cell differentiation in Dictyostelium results in the formation of two cell types, stalk and spore cells. The stalk cells undergo programmed cell death, whereas spore cells retain viability. The current evidence suggests that stalk cell differentiation is induced by Differentiation Inducing Factor (DIF), while spore cell differentiation occurs in response to cAMP. We have discovered the first de...

Abstract Given the significance of test fairness, this study aimed to investigate a reading comprehension for evidence differential item functioning (DIF) based on English as Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ gender and their mode learning (conventional vs. distance learning). To end, 514 EFL learners were asked take 30-item multiple-choice test. After establishing unidimensionality local indepe...