background in rhinoplasty, functional and cosmetic problems of the nose are corrected. these problems cause imbalance between the nasal subunit and face. throughout these deformities, there are 4 variants, so there is a need for careful preoperative evaluation either for treatment or prevention of the occurrence. according to functional and aesthetic effects of these variables in rhinoplasty, e...

enrofloxacin is a synthetic chemotherapeutic agent from the class of the fluoroquinolones that is widely used to treat bacterial infections. it is metabolized to ciprofloxacin in the body as active metabolite. fluoroquinolones change in the articular cartilage, especially with high doses and more than two weeks use. so, due to relatively excessive use of enrofloxacin in mammals and similarity o...

conclusions it can be concluded that due to some bioactive and nutrient factors, mscs secretions could be used for recovery of oa as well as prevention of articular cartilage matrix degeneration, using a high dose of cell secretions. results the results revealed a decrease of proteoglycan content in the superficial and intermediate zones and presence of surface fibrillation. therefore, oa induc...

background: hyaline cartilage defects exhibit a major challenge in the field of orthopedic surgery owing to its limited repair capacity. on the other hand, mesenchymal stem cells (mscs) are regarded as potent cells with a property of cartilage regeneration. we aimed to optimize marrow-derived msc chondrogenic culture using a small bioactive molecule referred to as bio. methods: mscs from the ma...

Introduction: There are some routine two-dimensional sequences, including short tau inversion recovery (STIR), T2-weighted fast-spin echo (T2W-FSE), and proton-density fast spin-echo for diagnosing osteoarthritis and lesions of the knee cartilage. However, these sequences have some disadvantages, such as long scan time, inadequate spatial resolution, and suboptimal tis...