Contamination of weaning foods and water with enteropathogenic micro-organisms has been recognised in the past, but its link with the development of diarrhoea by young children in developing countries is lacking. This may explain the unavailability of effective interventions to reduce the risk of diarrhoeal diseases from this contamination. The frequency of contamination of weaning foods with e...

Lead poisoning is a major public-health problem in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the extent of and risk factors for elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) in children in Bangladesh during September 2007–July 2009. The study included 919 children aged less than 16 years. The children were recruited from six urban locations in Dhaka and one rural area in Chirirbandar, ...

The pre-dietary rehabilitation levels of acute phase proteins (APP) namely, alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), orosomucoid (ORO), haptoglobin (HAP), fibrinogen (FIB) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the plasma of Sudanese children with severe protein energy malnutrition (PEM) were compared with those of normal controls, and with the levels after dietary rehabilitation. Eighty one children were included ...

The prevalence of Salmonella enterica serotypes, antimicrobial susceptibility, and phage typing of serovers were studied. Clinical presentations of the infected cases were also examined. The study was carried out during August 1993-September 1996 in and around Calcutta, India. In total, 1,025 faecal samples from hospitalized diarrhoeal children were screened for enteropathogens. Four S. enteric...

Strains of Bacteroides fragilis which produce enterotoxin(s) (ETBF) have been associated with diarrhoeal diseases in young domestic animals and have also been isolated from humans with diarrhoea. We have determined epidemiologically that ETBF are significantly associated with diarrhoea in humans. We studied Apaches, primarily children, with diarrhoea attending an outpatient facility in Whiteriv...

The study investigated the effects on diarrhoeal deaths among under-5-year-old Mexican children of the following variables: season (summer or winter), region (north versus south), age group, and place of death. Examination of death certificates indicated that the distribution of deaths in 1989-90 was bimodal, with one peak during the winter and a more pronounced one during the summer. In 1993-9...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive patients usually suffer from opportunistic intestinal parasitic infections leading to high mortality & morbidity, knowledge about the etiological agents in HIV can often guide the treatment. The aim of this study was to identify the opportunistic parasites in HIV associated diarrhoeal and nondiarrhoeal patients and to study the importance of stool...

In February 1994, the directors of major United Nations agencies, the Prime Minister of Bangladesh, medical researchers, international health advocates and politicians gathered in Dacca, Bangladesh, to celebrate the twenty-fifth anniversary of a life-saving technique known as oral rehydration therapy (ORT). UNICEF and the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research organized the meetin...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the effect of exclusive breast feeding and partial breast feeding on infant mortality from diarrhoeal disease and acute respiratory infections in Latin America. DESIGN Attributable fraction analysis of national data on infant mortality and breast feeding. SETTING Latin America and the Caribbean. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Mortality from diarrhoeal disease and acute respir...

At the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, one-half of the rice-water stool samples that were culture-positive for Vibrio cholerae did not contain motile V. cholerae by standard darkfield microscopy and were defined as darkfield-negative (DF(-)). We evaluated the host and microbial factors associated with DF status, as well as the impact of DF status on transmissio...