On X-ray diagnostic technology, it is important to grasp a change of the X-ray high-voltage equipment and radiographic technique factors. The 1st questionnaire was performed in 1974, and it carried out after that every five years, and conducted 8th investigation. As a result, we requested 656 institutions and got a reply from 103 institutions. The response rate was 15.7%. For X-ray high-voltage...

BACKGROUND Painful forearm injuries after a fall occur frequently in children. X-ray study is currently the gold standard investigation. Ultrasound (US) is a potential alternative that avoids exposure to ionizing radiation and may be less painful than x-ray study; and familiarity and skill with US is increasing among emergency physicians. OBJECTIVES The primary aim of this study was to determ...

The National Patient Dose Database (NPDD) is maintained by the Radiation Protection Division of the Health Protection Agency. The latest review of the database analysed the data collected from 316 hospitals over a 5-year period to the end of 2005. The information supplied amounted to a total of 23 000 entrance surface dose measurements and 57 000 dose–area product measurements for single radiog...

Background: In diagnostic radiology there are two reasons for measuring or estimating radiation doses to patients. Firstly measurements provide a means for setting and checking standards of good practice as an aid to the optimization of patient protection. Secondly estimates of the absorbed dose to tissue and organs in the patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 2382 patients were studied t...

The attenuation of x-rays in a material forms the basis of x-ray radiography and tomography. By measuring the transmission of the x-rays over a large amount of raypaths, the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of the x-ray linear attenuation coefficient can be reconstructed in a 3D volume. In x-ray microtomography (μCT), however, the x-ray refraction yields a significant signal in the transmiss...

AIM The aim of the study is to estimate the diagnostic sensitivity and utility of high-resolution ultrasonography (HRUS) in comparison with a gold standard technique in the diagnosis of the nasal fracture. PATIENTS AND METHOD Using a retrospective study design, facial Computed Tomography (CT) and HRUS examinations were performed on 87 consecutive patients with nasal trauma. Ultrasonograms wer...

introduction lead-based shields are the most widely used attenuators in x-ray and gamma ray fields. the heavy weight, toxicity and corrosion of lead have led researchers towards the development of non-lead shields. materials and methods the purpose of this study was to design multi-layered shields for protection against x-rays and gamma rays in diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine. in this...

(Chest 1992; 101:1679-80) A 48-year-old man was admitted for evaluation of general malaise and a nonproductive cough of seven days’ duration. He smoked 20 cigarettes a day and consumed 120 g of alcohol per day. His medical history was unremarkable. On examination, his temperature was 38.5#{176}C, and his blood pressure was 120/80 mm Hg. There was a systolic murmur in the apex. The white blood c...

UNLABELLED Diagnosing childhood tuberculosis requires a strong diagnostic suspicion due to its paucibacillary manifestation. Different scoring systems and algorithms have been developed to deal with such challenge skillfully. These include the Keith Edwards diagnostic score and Stegen's criteria modified by Toledo (Stegen-Toledo). OBJECTIVES To compare the predictive ability of the Keith Edwa...