According to EU directive 97/43/Euratom all member states must estimate doses to the public from diagnostic radiology. In Denmark the National Institute of Radiation Hygiene (NIRH) is about to finish a project with the purpose of estimating the collective dose in Denmark from diagnostic radiology. In this paper methods, problems and preliminary results will be presented. Patient doses were obta...

INTRODUCTION Quality assurance programmes in diagnostic radiology have been increased in the last years due to the fact that the extensive use of X-rays in medicine for diagnosis of injuries and diseases represents the largest manmade source of public exposure to ionizing radiation (1). The assessment and control of the performance characteristics of X-ray generators and tubes is an essential p...

This study was undertaken to compare the entrance surface dose (ESD) and image quality of adult chest and abdominal X-ray examinations conducted at general practitioner (GP) clinics, and public and private hospitals in Malaysia. The surveyed facilities were randomly selected within a given category (28 GP clinics, 20 public hospitals and 15 private hospitals). Only departmental X-ray units were...

Chest X-ray is one the most frequently required diagnostic procedures used in clinical practice to produce an image of organs, tissues and bones body with a significant impact on collective dose. However, radiation dose received by patients from this procedure likely show large variations within among radiodiagnostic centres. This could be traced lack imaging protocols local or national referen...

PURPOSE To determine values of the effective dose equivalent, HE, for patients undergoing diagnostic cerebral angiography and compare these values with radiation doses received by patients undergoing other diagnostic examinations of the head. METHODS The radiographic techniques for ten patients undergoing cerebral angiography were recorded and used to obtain the product of the entrance skin d...

The estimation of the mean glandular dose to the breast (MGD) for x-ray based imaging modalities forms an essential part of quality control and is needed for risk estimation and for system design and optimisation. This review considers the development of methods for estimating the MGD for mammography, digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and dedicated breast CT (DBCT). Almost all of the methodolo...

The quantification of radiation risks associated with radiological examinations has been a subject interest the increased use X-rays. Effective dose, which is risk-weighted measure to organs in body examination, considered good indicator risk. We have therefore investigated patient effective doses from examinations. Organ and were estimated for 94 patients who underwent computed tomography 338 ha...

BACKGROUND Optimisation of average glandular dose (AGD) for two-dimensional (2D) mammography is important, as imaging using ionizing radiation has the probability to induce cancer resulting from stochastic effects. This study aims to observe the effects of kVp, anode/filter material, and exposure mode on the dose and image quality of 2D mammography. METHODS This experimental study was conduct...