The science of spine surgery revolves around the identification of spinal instability and its subsequent treatment. However, both clinical and radiological guides for the identification of spinal instability are rather presumptive and arbitrary. It seems that the issue of spinal instability is underdiagnosed and undertreated as radiological imaging is not conclusively contributory and definite ...

BACKGROUND The diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis have evolved over time and currently the 2010 McDonald criteria are the most widely accepted. These criteria allow the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis to be made at the clinically isolated syndrome stage provided certain criteria are met on a single magnetic resonance brain scan. Our hypothesis was that neurologists in Scotland did not u...

objective the aim of this study was to identify the best criteria for diagnosis of migraine in our pediatric population. materials and methods a total of 85 children aged below 15 years who had been referred to the neurology clinic of al-zahra hospital with headache as their chief complaint, were enrolled. validated questionnaires were completed by them. the patients were evaluated using five s...